Characteristics and findings of all studies included (n = 72).

<p>In the column “Short-term response SOT” is the number of patients given that had a positive response >2 weeks and ≤3 months after the last vaccination while in the column “Long-term response SOT” the number of patients that kept a positive response after ≥12 months is given (exceptions are marked with number). Data presented as number of patients with vaccination response/total number of patients.</p><p><i>Design</i>: pu - prospective uncontrolled, pc - prospective controlled, r- retrospective, ra – randomized, c-case report <i>Patients</i>: A - adult, P – paediatric, HTX- heart transplantation, RTX - renal transplantation, LTX – liver transplantation, PTX- lung transplantation, ITX – intestinal transplantation, ESRD- end stage renal disease <i>Response</i>: SOT – solid organ transplant recipient, HC - healthy control group, <i>Vaccine, Vaccination schedule</i>: T – tetanus toxoid vaccine, d – diphtheria vaccine (adult formulation with reduced antigen amount), D - diphtheria vaccine (paediatric formulation with higher antigen amount), IPV – inactivated polio vaccine, HAV – hepatitis A vaccine, rHBV - recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, TIV - trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, PPV23- 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, PCV7- seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, HibV – <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> vaccine, TBEV - tick borne encephalitis vaccine, MMR – mumps, measles, rubella vaccine, RVV – rabies virus vaccine, VZVV – varicella zoster vaccine, MMRV – mumps, measles, rubella, varicella vaccine, NA - not applicable.</p>1<p>patients receiving a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20.</p>2<p>patients receiving conventional immunosuppressive medication.</p>3<p>after 1st dose, controls received a different vaccination scheme compared to SOT recipients (one vs. two doses of vaccine, respectively).</p>4<p>after 2nd dose, controls received a different vaccination scheme compared to SOT recipients (one vs. two doses of vaccine, respectively).</p>5<p>after 3rd dose, controls received a different vaccination scheme compared to SOT recipients (one vs. two doses of vaccine, respectively).</p>6<p>patients were randomized to vaccine vs. no vaccine for the purpose of studying rejection.</p>7<p>patients receiving calcineurin-inhibitors.</p>8<p>patients receiving sirolimus.</p>9<p>patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil.</p>10<p>patients receiving azathioprin.</p>11<p>SOT recipients received either one or two doses of vaccine, however data for the double-dose trial are not given and stated that no difference to the single dose trial.</p>12<p>subunit vaccine.</p>13<p>virosomal vaccine.</p>14<p>for controls exact numbers were not given but stated that no difference between patients and controls.</p>15<p>response measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).</p>16<p>response measured by opsophagonization assay (OPA).</p>17<p>response measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).</p>18<p>response measured by opsophagonization assay (OPA).</p>19<p>long-term response of PPV 23 vs. PCV7 by follow up of the cohort by Kumar et al. 2003, mean continued response from patients initially vaccinated against PPV23 from varying patient numbers of ranging from 2 to 10 patients.</p>20<p>long-term response of PPV 23 vs. PCV7 by follow up of the cohort by Kumar et al. 2003, mean continued response of patients initially vaccinated against PCV7 from varying patient numbers ranging from 4 to 11 patients.</p>21<p>mean response after PCV7 only to serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F.</p>22<p>mean response after PCV7 followed by PPV23 to serotype 1, 5 und 7F after additional PP23 vaccination in the cohort from 23.</p>23<p>response to measles component.</p>24<p>response to mumps component.</p>25<p>response to rubella component.</p>26<p>response to mumps component.</p>27<p>response to measles component.</p>28<p>response to rubella component.</p>29<p>long-term response was accepted as 6 months after vaccination.</p>30<p>adequate response was seen but which decreased rapidly.</p

Meta-analysis for case-control studies using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects method (M–H) and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects (D+L) method for response to influenza B.

<p>Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Forest plot for short-term response for vaccine category C (influenza) against influenza H3N2.

<p>All type of trials which assessed specific response to H3N2 are included. Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Forest plot for short-term response for vaccines from category A (tetanus, diphtheria, polio), B (hepatitis A and B), D (<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, <i>Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitides</i>), E (varicella, mumps, measles, rubella) and F (tick-borne encephalitis and rabies).

<p>All article types are included. Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Forest plot for short-term response for vaccine category C (influenza) against influenza B.

<p>All type of trials which assessed specific response to B are included. Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Flowchart of study selection.

<p>Flowchart of study selection.</p

Categories of vaccinations used and rationale for grouping.

<p>Categories of vaccinations used and rationale for grouping.</p

Forest plot for studies investigating both short-term response (grey bars and numbers) and long-term response (black bars and numbers).

<p>Forest plot for studies investigating both short-term response (grey bars and numbers) and long-term response (black bars and numbers).</p

Forest plot for short-term response for vaccine category C (influenza) against influenza H1N1.

<p>All type of trials which assessed specific response to H1N1 are included. Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Meta-analysis for case-control studies using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects method (M–H) and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects (D+L) method for response to influenza H3N2.

<p>Numbers in brackets refer to legend in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056974#pone-0056974-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p