Evolutionary relationships of Red Jungle Fowl and chicken breeds

Published results were reassessed and original data are provided regarding the origin and relatedness of four postulated chicken breed lineages, egg-type, game, meat-type and Bantam, to each other and to the basic ancestral species of jungle fowls, Gallus gallus. A system approach was employed concerning the planning of the experiments. One element of the system approach is the choice of the breeds to be compared with G. gallus. These breeds were supposed to represent major evolutionary branches of chickens. Four experiments on genetic relationships were conducted using different estimation criteria including morphological discrete characters, body measurements, biochemical markers, and the activity of serum esterase-1. The greatest similarity was found between G. gallus and the egg-type breeds of Mediterranean roots and/or true Bantams. This fact might testify that the indicated chicken groups occupied earlier stages in the evolution from the wild progenitor to the present biodiversity of chickens in the world

Specifics of sea graduates’ professional training in Russia

The work of the seaman is characterized by isolation from the land, high probability of emergency, implementation of professional duties in extreme conditions. Life of the crew and safety of the vessel depend on the accuracy of seamen’s actions that’s why the need of improving seamen’s professional training is brought to light. The carried-out analysis of scientific literature, sea, and educational normative documents has defined the specifics of seamen’s professional activity, which includes knowledge, communication with people, fast decision-making for ensuring buoyancy of the vessel and safety of the crew in extreme conditions. It has been defined that successful activity of the seaman depends on professional knowledge, skills, as well as professional and personal qualities and the created meanings which are set to be shaped in the course of professional training in higher educational institution. The experimental research with a view to defining the relation of sea profile graduates to the world and future professional activity is carried out. The following personal qualities necessary for the seamen’s successful professional activity are delineated: ability to system thinking, leadership skills, communicative culture, multilingualism, morality, creativity, psychological stability during the work in the conditions of uncertainty, aspiration to cooperation. The need of improving seamen’s training in the educational process of higher educational institution is revealed. The new paradigm of higher education that focuses on the realization of internal reserves of the personality is represented: the formation of personal qualities along with knowledge, skills which constitute professional conceptosphere of sea graduates. It is recommended to reflect the shaping of personal qualities and meanings in the educational standard and programs of sea graduates’ professional training

Effect of Intumescent Flame Retardants on the Properties of Polyurethanes Based on Tall Oil Fatty Acids Esters

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The efficiency of using intumescent flame retardants in polyurethane coatings based on tall oil fatty acids esters was assessed. The influence of the content of each of the flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythriol) separately on the flammability parameters of wood samples with polyurethane coatings in a cone calorimeter test, as well as on the thermal and mechanical properties of the polyurethane itself, were investigated. the effect of the ratios of double and triple combinations of the mentioned flame retardants on the specified properties was studied. It has been found that, for the given type of polyester urethane, ammonium polyphosphate decreases the flammability of polyurethane to the greatest extent. Melamine, and melamine in combination with ammonium polyphosphate, decrease the smoke release upon polyurethane combustion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.21.2.5784</p

The influence of barley weed impurities on the microbiological quality indicators

Currently, malting barley is one of the most important crops that form the basis of the food business in the Russian Federation. Malting barley is imported to Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. While storing and transporting grain, its microbiological quality indicators play a very important role. Grain seeded with various microorganisms quickly loses its functional and technological properties, which negatively affects the quality of beer produced from it. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the contamination of barley with microorganisms is greatly influenced by various impurities that enter the grain mass during harvest. As well as various impurities in the grain mass of malting barley, the grains of other plants wheat, rye and oats were found in some samples in quantity of about 4%. There were also a lot of beaten barley grains, in some samples more than 2%. The moisture content of the grain mass also affects the seeding by microorganisms. Impurities had a higher humidity than grain, purified from impurities. To reduce the microbial contamination of brewing barley grains, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and refine the grain mass immediately after harvesting

[Singing breeds of hens] Поющие породы кур

Моисеева И.Г.; Севастьянова А.А.; Александров А.В.; Романов М.Н. Голосистые породы кур впервые появились в Китае более 2 тыс. лет назад. Сегодня в мире существует около 20 таких пород и популяций. Однако многие из них находятся в руках небольшого числа любителей, и потому им подчас грозит исчезновение. Vociferous breeds of hens first emerged in China more than 2 thousand years ago. Now there are around 20 of such breeds and populations. But many of them are reared by a small number of amateurs, so they often are under treat of extinction

[Evolution and genetic diversity of old domestic hen's breed - Yurlovskaya golosistaya, System analysis of variability forms] Эволюция, генетическая изменчивость юрловской голосистой породы кур. Системный анализ форм изменчивости [Evolution and genetic variation in the Yurlov Crower chicken breed: a system analysis of variation forms]

Моисеева И.Г.; Романов М.Н.; Александров А.В.; Никифоров А.А.; Севастьянова А.А. В статье излагаются сведения о старой русской породе кур - юрловской голосистой, включая происхождение, историю, эволюцию, современное состояние, описание породы, хозяйственные свойства, в т.ч. основной ее признак - продолжительное пение, морфотипологическую характеристику по дискретным признакам, полиморфизм по группам крови, биохимическим и молекулярным маркерам. Теоретическая часть посвящена оценке изменчивости породы, представлению объектов, процессов, явлений в виде объектов-систем и систем объектов. В заключении обсуждаются общие проблемы форм изменчивости и стабильности, методологии проведения экспериментов и наблюдений на основе системного подхода. Data on Yurlov Crower are presented with regard to its origin, history, evolution, current state, breed description, economically important traits (including its major characteristic, long crowing), morphotypological characteristic of discrete traits and genetic profiles for blood groups, biochemical and molecular polymorphisms. The theoretical part of work is devoted to an estimation of breed variability, representation of objects, processes and phenomena in the form of objects-systems and systems of objects. In conclusion, general problems of variability forms and stability, methodology of carrying out experiments and observations on the basis of the system approach are discussed

Evolutionary relationships of Red Jungle Fowl and chicken breeds

Abstract Published results were reassessed and original data are provided regarding the origin and relatedness of four postulated chicken breed lineages, egg-type, game, meat-type and Bantam, to each other and to the basic ancestral species of jungle fowls, Gallus gallus. A system approach was employed concerning the planning of the experiments. One element of the system approach is the choice of the breeds to be compared with G. gallus. These breeds were supposed to represent major evolutionary branches of chickens. Four experiments on genetic relationships were conducted using different estimation criteria including morphological discrete characters, body measurements, biochemical markers, and the activity of serum esterase-1. The greatest similarity was found between G. gallus and the egg-type breeds of Mediterranean roots and/or true Bantams. This fact might testify that the indicated chicken groups occupied earlier stages in the evolution from the wild progenitor to the present biodiversity of chickens in the world.</p

Evolutionary relationships of Red Jungle Fowl and chicken breeds

Published results were reassessed and original data are provided regarding the origin and relatedness of four postulated chicken breed lineages, egg-type, game, meat-type and Bantam, to each other and to the basic ancestral species of jungle fowls, Gallus gallus. A system approach was employed concerning the planning of the experiments. One element of the system approach is the choice of the breeds to be compared with G. gallus. These breeds were supposed to represent major evolutionary branches of chickens. Four experiments on genetic relationships were conducted using different estimation criteria including morphological discrete characters, body measurements, biochemical markers, and the activity of serum esterase-1. The greatest similarity was found between G. gallus and the egg-type breeds of Mediterranean roots and/or true Bantams. This fact might testify that the indicated chicken groups occupied earlier stages in the evolution from the wild progenitor to the present biodiversity of chickens in the world

[Orloff chicken breed: history, current status and studies] Орловская порода кур. История, современное состояние, научные исследования

Моисеева И.Г.; Севастьянова А.А.; Александров А.В.; Вахрамеев А.Б.; Романов М.Н.; Дмитриев Ю.И.; Семенова С.К.; Сулимова Г.Е. Настоящая публикация представляет собой обзор материалов о старинной отечественной орловской породе кур. Приведены исторические сведения о месте (средняя полоса России) и времени происхождения (конец XVIII в.). Информация о предполагаемых предшественниках породы дополнена генетическими исследованиями авторов. Представлено описание орловской породы кур русского типа. Рассмотрены данные о распространении породы в России и за рубежом, современном ее состоянии, участии в выставках птицеводства. Проанализированы факторы, затрудняющие разведение породы, и намечены первоочередные задачи по ее сохранению. The present article provides an overview of the information on the Orloff chicken breed. Historical information about the place (central Russia), time of origin (late 18th century), and alleged progenitors of this domestic breed. The literature data is supplemented with the authors’ genetic studies. Description of the Orloff chicken breed of Russian type is given. Data on the dissemination of the breed in Russia and abroad, its modern state, standard and demonstration in poultry shows is also provided. Factors are discussed that hinder preservation of the breed and priorities for breeding the Orloff chickens are outlined