Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in blood and organs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed a diet formulated with genetically modified soybean meal

Anxiety regarding the fate of ingested transgenic DNA in farmed fish fed genetically modified (GM) soybean meal (SBM) has been raised with regard to human consumption. The objective of this study was to detect possibility of gene transfer of transgenic and endogenous DNA fragments in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) blood and organs after consumption of a GM SBM diet. Nile tilapias with an average weight of 75.0 g were fed diets containing 48% GM or non-GM SBM for 21 days. During this period, a GM SBM diet was fed to fish for 12 days, and then switched to feed with non-GM SBM for 9 days for determining the residual span of the transferred cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter fragment. Blood, spleen, liver, intestine, kidney, and muscle tissues were taken (n = 10) every three days during the feeding period. Total DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for determining the presence of a 108-bp fragment of the CaMV 35S promoter and a 144-bp fragment of the soybean chloroplast-specific DNA. Low-copy chloroplast-specific DNA fragment was detected in all organ and tissue samples and the majority of intestinal samples of fish fed GM SBM diet. Similarly, a low number and faint signals of the CaMV 35S promoter fragments were detected in all organ samples except muscle of fish fed the GM SBM diet, while none were detected 3 days after changing to a non-GM SBM diet. A very low frequency of transmittance to muscle and organs of fish was confirmed. It is recognized that the low copy number of transgenic DNA in the GM SBM diet is a challenge to their detection in tissues. These results suggested that transgenic DNA would be processed in the gastrointestinal tract in a similar manner with conventional plant DNA

The Effect of Soybean Meal Subtitution with Leaves Turi (Selsabania Grandiflora) Fermented in Artificial Feed on Growth of Fish Seed Baung (Selsabania Grandiflora)

This research was conducted in the experimental pond from Juny to August 2016 in the Nutrition Fish Laboratory, Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Riau, Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study to determine the concentration of leaves turi fermented flour in fish feed formulation Baung (Hemibagrus nemurus), and also to know the response for feed using to digestibility, feed efficiency and on growth Baung (Hemibagrus nemurus). The method of this research is Experiment method uses a completely randomized design (RAL) with one factor, the level 5 treatments and 3 replications with the result that needing 15 experiment units.The feed used artificial feed with the content of leaves turi fermented and different percentage are P0 (0%), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), P4 (20%).The results showed that the highest treatment contained in P2 (leaves turi fermented) represented digestibility 75,25%, the feed efficiency of 48,76%, retention of protein 16,70%, specific growth rate of 3,22 % and survival rate of 98,33%. This means that leaves turi fermented flour as one of alternative substance of feed for replacement soybean flour

Optimalisasi Substitusi Tepung Azolla (Azolla Microphylla) Terfermentasi pada Pakan untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Baung (Hemibagrus Nemurus)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepungazolla serta mengetahui komposisi substitusi yang tepat antara tepung kedelaidengan tepung azolla dalam pakan sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhandan efisiensi pakan ikan baung. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakanrancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang diulang tiga kali, dengan lima tarafperlakuan; Perbandingan substitusi tepung kedelai dengan tepung azolla P0 =100% : 0%; P1 = 90% : 10%; P2 = 85% : 15%; P3 = 80% : 20% dan P4 = 75% :25% Variabel utama yang diamati adalah kecernaan pakan, efisiensi pakan,retensi protein dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa substitusi tepung kedelai dan tepung azollatidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan efisiensipakan ikan baung. Perlakuan P2 substitusi tepung kedelai dengan tepung azolla(85% : 15%) memberikan hasil yang terbaik dengan nilai kecernaan 64,16%,efisiensi pakan 42,35%, retensi protein 38,19% dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik3,16%

Utilization of Leucaena Leaves Meal Gung (Leucaena Leucocephala) Fermented by Aspergillus Niger as Subtitution of Soybean Meal in the Diets on the Growth of Thai Cat Fish (Pangasius Hypophthalmus)

The research was conducted for 60 days from April to June 2017. The aim of this research was to know the utilization of fermented leucaena leaves meal as a substitution of soybean meal in the diets on the growth and feed efficiency of Thai Catfish. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in this experiment, with one factor, five level treatment and three replications. Fish were reared in 1 m3cages with stocking density 20/cages. Feeding trial were replacing soybean meal with fermented leucaena leaves meal applied to P1 (0%), P2 (25%), P3 (50%), P4 (75%), and P5 (100%). The fish used in this research with 2,13 ± 0,39g of weight. The result of this research showed that fermented leucaena leaves meal has significant effect (P>0,05) on growth and feed efficiency of Thai Catfish. Diets which contains 75% of fermented leucaena leaves meal and 25% of soybean meal (P4) produce the highest specific growth rate (4,11%/day), feed efficiency (62,6%), feed digestibility (59,45%), and protein retention (18,85%). Based on the result of this study conclude that fermented leucaena leaves meal can be used as substitution for soybean meal in diets of Thai Catfish

The Utilization OfWater Lettuce Silage (Pistia Stratiotes) with Marine Yeast Inoculant in Feed of Selais (Ompok Rhadinurus Ng)

The research was conducted on July - August 2016. The purpose of thisstudied to determine the number of water lettuce silage flour in fish feedformulation selais (Ompok rhadinurus Ng) the effect on growth, feed efficiencyand protein retention. This study uses a completely randomized design (RAL)with one factor, 5 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments using flour of waterlettuce silage where are P0 (100% TK:0% SDK), P1 (95% TK:5% SDK), P2 (90TK:10% SDK), P3 (85% TK:15% SDK) and P4 (80% TK:20% SDK). WhichFeed protein contain 35%. The results showed that the highest treatmentscontained in P3. Use water lettuce silage flour formulated in the feed as much as15%, produces the best selais fish seed growth is digestibility is the feed 70,24 %,the feed efficiency is 18,03 %, specific growth rate is 1,81 % and protein retentionis 14,83 %