Connection between types of learning by P.Ya. Galperin with kinds of thinking in school students

In order to determine the correlational relations mentioned in the title here above, a number of experiments with school students have been carried out. They included knowledge instruction on the basis of Galperin’s types of learning on three school subjects (history, biology, geometry); checking the level of logical thinking by means of solving a number of tasks that include basic logical operations such as categorization, generalization, classification, deductive conclusions, finding of analogies and equalizing of variables; estimation of the development level of abilities for searching solutions of insight problems by the results of solving five such problems taken from the set of tasks used in researches on creative thinking; appraisal of the development level of creativity by using the subtest “sketches” in Guilford’s technique. The sample included 132 school students of the 7th grades from Yekaterinburg schools, Russia. The obtained data were processed statistically using Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Concerning the correlations studied, the following results have been received. The effectiveness of 1st type of learning is strongly connected with the development of logical thinking (r=0,54), is moderately connected with the ability to solve convergent problems (r=0,34) and is not connected with the ability to solve creative divergent tasks. The effectiveness of 2nd type of learning is connected with the level of logical operations development (r=0,29 for facts and r=0,57 for proofs) and is not connected with the ability to solve convergent and divergent problems. The effectiveness of the 3rd type of learning does not deal with solving convergent tasks, is hardly connected with flexibility (r=0,25) and ingenuity (r=0,21) of solving creative tasks, and even less the 2nd type of learning is connected with logical development when logically complex knowledge is assumed (r=0,48). The established ties give grounds to suggest that the use of the 1st type of learning should develop the abilities for solving insight problems and should not develop creativity in course of instruction, the 2nd type of learning has potential of logical operations development; the 3rd type of learning can contribute to logical operations development and is partially to raise creative potential and can hardly promote abilities for solving insight problems

Effect of promotion with cobalt or zinc on the hydrogenating and oligomerizing activities of the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in the hydrogenation of the BTX fraction

The promoter nature and content effects on the catalytic activity and stability of Pd-Co/δ-Al2O3 and Pd-Zn/δ-Al 2O3 bimetallic catalysts in the hydrogenation of dienic and vinyl aromatic hydrocarbons in the BTX fraction have been investigated by IR spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction. The Pd: Co (Zn) molar ratio in the catalysts prepared is 1.0: 0.5, 1.0: 1.0, or 1.0: 1.5, and their Pd content is 0.5 wt %. The support is δ-Al2O3 doped with sodium (0.5 wt %). Promotion of the palladium catalyst with zinc and cobalt causes the disappearance of cationic palladium species, thereby reducing the oligomerizing capacity of the active component, and, as was demonstrated by 100-h-long catalytic tests, enhances the stability of the catalyst. The Pd-Co/δ-Al2O3(Na) catalyst with Pd: Co = 1.0: 1.0 mol/mol is recommended for the hydrogenation of the BTX fraction under industrial conditions. The expected service life of this catalyst between regenerations is 16 months. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Cavernous sinus thrombosis as a cause of fatal outcomes in forensic medical practice

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a life-threatening condition resulting from a blockage of the cavernous sinus by a blood clot. This pathology occurs extremely rarely but is a danger to life at any age. Information about deaths from cavernous sinus thrombosis is limited and unclear in the special forensic medical literature. This study analyzed the results of the forensic medical examination of the corpse of a 35-year-old woman. This work outlines all stages of treatment and observation of the patient. Disease development and progression, which eventually led to a fatal outcome, were described in stages. The research and results were able to confirm the cause of death. Cavernous sinus thrombosis and other cerebral sinus thrombosis, as a complication of the main, timely undiagnosed, and untreated disease, is a significant problem even in modern multidisciplinary medical institutions and often causes deaths in clinical practice

Pilot tests of a catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

Pilot tests of SGA-2M promoted Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene are performed on an industrial ethane-ethylene fraction in a system of two serially arranged adiabatic flow reactors. The optimum process conditions under which the conversion of acetylene reaches 100% at a selectivity of 68.2% with respect to ethylene are determined: system pressure, 21 atm; hydrocarbon feedstock hourly space velocity (HSV), 1500 h-1, carbon monoxide concentration, 7 ppm; H2: C 2H2 molar ratio at the first and second hydrogenation stages, 1.0: 1.0 and 1.4: 1.0; inlet temperature of the first and second reactors, 40 and 55 C, respectively. The interregeneration service life of the SGA-2M catalyst under optimum conditions is estimated at 12 months. SGA-2M catalysts can be recommended for purifying ethane-ethylene fractions containing up to 2 vol % of acetylene. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Multifrequency Study of Giant Radio Pulses from the Crab Pulsar with the K5 VLBI Recording Terminal

Simultaneous multifrequency observations of the Crab pulsar giant pulses (GPs) were performed with the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope at four frequencies 0.6, 1.4, 2.2 and 8.3 GHz using the K5 VLBI recording terminal. The K5 terminal provided continuous recording in 16 4-MHz wide frequency channels distributed over 4 frequency bands. Several thousands of GPs were detected during about 6 hours of observations in two successive days in July 2005. Radio spectra of single GPs were analysed at separate frequencies and over whole frequency range. These spectra manifest notable modulation over frequency ranges, $\Delta\nu$, both on large ($\Delta\nu/\nu\approx 0.5$) and small ($\Delta\nu/\nu\approx 0.01$) frequency scales. Cross-correlation analysis of GPs at 2.2 GHz showed that their pulse shapes can be interpreted as an ensemble of unresolved bursts grouped together at time scales of $\approx 1$ mcs being well-correlated over a 60-MHz band. The corresponding GP cross-correlation functions do not obey the predictions of the amplitude-modulated noise model of Rickett (1975), thus indicating that unresolved components represent a small number of elementary emitters.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, submitted to PAS

Giant Pulses -- the Main Component of the Radio Emission of the Crab Pulsar

The paper presents an analysis of dual-polarization observations of the Crab pulsar obtained on the 64-m Kalyazin radio telescope at 600 MHz with a time resolution of 250 ns. A lower limit for the intensities of giant pulses is estimated by assuming that the pulsar radio emission in the main pulse and interpulse consists entirely of giant radio pulses; this yields estimates of 100 Jy and 35 Jy for the peak flux densities of giant pulses arising in the main pulse and interpulse, respectively. This assumes that the normal radio emission of the pulse occurs in the precursor pulse. In this case, the longitudes of the giant radio pulses relative to the profile of the normal radio emission turn out to be the same for the Crab pulsar and the millisecond pulsar B1937+21, namely, the giant pulses arise at the trailing edge of the profile of the normal radio emission. Analysis of the distribution of the degree of circular polarization for the giant pulses suggests that they can consist of a random mixture of nanopulses with 100% circular polarization of either sign, with, on average, hundreds of such nanopulses within a single giant pulse.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures (originally published in Russian in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 62-69) translated by Denise Gabuzd