[Effect of aminfluoride on diuresis and quanity of xcreted fluoride in rats]

Ispitivanje utjecaj peroralne primjene natrijfluorida, aminfluorida 297 i 335 na volumen urina i količine fluorida u urinu štakora. Izlučene količine fluorida su pri dnevnoj dozi od 1 mgF"/kg kod ženka bile manje prvih mjesec dana pokusa nego kod mužjaka. U daljnjem toku pokusa, kao i pri dnevnoj dozi od 5 mgF/kg količine F u urinu su kod oba spola bile jednake, proporcionalne primljenoj dozi. Volumen urina se kod životinja koje su primile fluoridne preparate u toku pokusa smanjivao. Nastale promjene su vjerojatno posljedica oštećenja bubrega.The effect of peroral application of sodium fluoide, aminfluoride 297 and 335, on the volume of urine and am ount of fluoride in rat urine, was examined. The am ount of fluoride released during daily doses of 1 mgF-/kg was less in females than in males in the first month of trials. In further trials with daily doses of 5 mgF/kg , the am ount of F in urine was the same in both sexes, propotional to the applied doses. The volume of urine in animals which received fluoride preparations was reduced during the trial. Alterations were more than likely due to renal damage

Adverse effects of drugs used by dental practitioner

Svaki lijek uz svoje poželjno terapijsko djelovanje može razviti i nepoželjno štetno djelovanje. Nepoželjna djelovanja lijeka mogu biti različita, od blagih koja nazivamo popratnim pojavama, do onih koja mogu ugroziti i život pacijenta. Nepoželjna djelovanja lijekova možemo podijeliti na a) toksična (lokalna ili sistemna) koja su u stomatološkoj praksi najčešća na antiseptike i lokalne anestetike, b) alergijiske reakcije, koje se mogu javiti na svaki lijek i ne ovise o primijenjenoj dozi, c) idiosinkraziju, genetski determiniranu abnormalnu reakciju na lijek i d) interferenciju s obrambenim snagama organizma.Every drug has potential toxic effect. The actions that are clinically desirable are considered as therapeutic effects while undersiable actions are named adverse effects. They may be trivial, but on occasion they are serious and may (be lethal. The adverse drug reactions can be classified into toxic reactions, for example, cardic arrest to local anesthaetics; and into allergic reactions. These reactions are neither dose dependent nor predictable, like toxic effects. A carefully obtained medical history should revead sensitization, but it is no assurance that allergy does not exist. Dental practitioner must be aware of pharmacologic actions, therapeutic use and adverse efeats of each drug, and must know to control those consequence of drug therapy that result from adverse drug reactions

Pharmacologische wirkung und klinische anwendung von aminofluoriden (Elmex)

Vrijednost fluorida za lokalnu primjenu u prevenciji zubnog karijesa općenito je priznata. Pomoću njih, kao i fluoridacijom vode za piće, dobiveni su najbolji rezultati u redukciji učestalosti i brzine progresije karijesa. Među preparatima fluora, koji se upotrebljavaju u stomatološkoj praksi, nalaze se i aminofluoridi. Reakcija započinje promptno, pri čemu važnu ulogu igra površinska aktivnost aminofluorida. Na površini cakline se stvara zaštitni sloj kalcijfluorida, a u caklini se hidroksilapatit zamjenjuje fluorapatitom. Osim efekta na anorganskom dijelu cakline i u njemu, aminofluoridi djeluju bakteriostatski na streptokoke u zubnom plaku i inhibiraju enzimske procese, kojima bakterije prouzročuju glikolizu i tvorbu kiseline. U kliničkim ispitivanjim a upotrebom aminofluorida, nađena je redukcija karijesa od 27— 40%. Pored toga, postignuta je i desenzibilizacija osjetljivih zubnih vratića. Inidikacaje za primjenu aminofluorida su: profilaksa zubnog karijesa u djece i zubi odraslih s visoko aktivnim karijesom, preosjetljivošću dentina i demineralizacijom ispod mobilnih proteza i ortodontskih aparata.The value of local application of fluorides in the prevention of caries of the teeth has been generally recognized. They contribute considerably to the reduction of incidence and rate of progression of caries, particularly when added to drinking water. In the reaction, which begins promptly, the most important role is played by the surface activity: of aminofluorides. On the ename! surface a protective layer of calcium fluoride is made, while in the enamel hydroxilapatite is substituted with fluorapatite. In addition to the effect on the inorganic part of the enamel, aminofluorides act also bacteriostatically on streptococci in the dental plaque and inhibit the enzymatic processes during which bacteria cause glycolysis and production of acids. Clinical investigations have shown the reduction of caries from 27— 40% by the application of am inofluorides. Besides, desensitization of sensitive dentin has been also achieved. The indications for the use of aminofluorides are the following: prophylaxis of dental decay in children and in adults with highly active caries, high sensitivity of dentin and demineralization of the enamel under mobile prosthesis and orthodontic appliances.Der Wert der Fluoride zur Verhütung der Zahnkaries bei lokaler Anwendung wird allgemein anerkannt. Mittels dieser Methode, sowie der Fluoridierung von Trinkwasser wurden die besten Ergebnise in der Reduktion der Häufigkeit, des Ausmasses sowie der Schnelligkeit des Fortschreitens der Zahnkaries erhalten. Unter der luorpräparaten die in der stomatologischen Praxis verwendet werden, befinden sich auch Aminofluoride. Das sind organische Fluorverbindungen welche eine grosse Affinität für den Zahnschmelz haben. Die Reaktion erfolgt sofort, wobei die Oberflächenwirkung der Aminofluoride eins besondere Rolle hat. An der Schmelzoberfläche bildet sich eine Schutzschicht von Calcium fluorid und in den Schmelzprismen wird Hydroxylapatit in Fluorapatit umgesetzt. Ausser der Wirkung auf den anorganischen Teil des Zahnschmelzes wirken die Aminofluoride auch bakteriostatisch auf Streptokoken im Zahnplack und hemmen bakterielle enzymatische Prozesse der Glykolyse und Säurebildung. Klinische Untersuchung ergaben bei Anwendung von Aminofluoriden eine Reduktion de; Zahnkaries von 27— 40%. Nebenbei wurden em pfindliche Zahnhälse desensibilisiert. Die Indikation zur Anwendung von Aminofluoriden sind: Verhütung der Zahnfäule bei Kindern und Erwachsenen mit hoher Kariesaktivität, Ü berem pfindlichkeit des Dentins, sowie Entkalkung des Zahnschmelzes unter beweglichen Prothesen und orthodontischen Apparaten

Der Einfluss von saluretika auf die ausschdeidung von fluoriden im harn bei ratten

Ispitivano je izlučivanje različitih doza fluorida u urinu hidriranih štakora, nakon peroralne prim jene otopina natrij-fluorida i aminoflurida. Nađeno je izlučivanje fluorida, proporcionalno s prim ijenjenim dozama. Fluor-ioni iz otopine am inofluorida su se izlučivali u nešto većim količinama nego iz otopine natrij-fluorida. Saluretici hidroklorotiazid i klortalidon, koji povećavaju izlučivanje ostalih halogena (J, Cl, Br) nisu povećavali izlučivanje fluorida u mokraći štakora.The excretion of different doses of fluorides in urine of hydrated rats after peroral application of sodium fluoride and am inofluoride solutions was investigated. The excretion of fluorides was proportional to applied doses. Fluor-ions from am inofluoride solution were released in somewhat higher quantities than from sodium fluoride solution. Saluretics hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthaliidone, which increase the release of other halogens (J, Cl. Br) did not increase the excretion of fluorides in rats urine.Es wurde die Fluoridausscheidung im Urin w asserbelasteter Ratten nach peroraler Anwendung verschiedener Dosen von Natrium fluorid und Am inofluoriden untersucht. Die Ausscheidung der Fluor-Ionen entsprach proportional den verabreichten Fluor- -Dosen. Aus Am inofluoridlösungen wurden die Fluor-Ionen in etwas grösseren Mengen im Urin ausgeschieden, als aus Lösungen von N atrium fluorid. Saluretika wie Hydrochlorothiazid und C hlortalidon, welche die Ausscheidung der übrigen Halogene (CI, Br, J) verstärken, hatten praktisch keinen Einfluss auf die Fluoridaussheidung im Urin von Ratten

Prof.dr.sci. Dragutin Tomić

Dana 27. travnja ove godine napustio nas je tiho i skromno, kao što je i živio profesor dr. Dragutin Tomić, umirovljeni profesor Stomatološkog fakulteta, naš dragi Karlek. Rođen je 1912. u Goraždu. Osnovnu i srednju školu pohađao je u Poljskoj i u Čehoslovačkoj, gdje je 1931. godine maturirao na realnoj gimnaziji. Nakon mature studirao je farmaciju na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu, gdje je godine 1935. diplomirao. Nakon toga radio je dvije godine u ljekarnama raznih mjesta Hrvatske i Bosne. Godine 1937. položio je državni ispit i time stekao naslov magistra farmacije. Zatim je studirao kemiju i fiziku na Filozofskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, te je 1941. završio taj studij kao diplomirani kemičar. Godine 1942. provomiran je na Zagrebačkom sveušilišta u stupanj doktora filozofije temeljem disertacije “Prilog poznavanju domaćeg srčenjaka”. Bio je to prvi doktorat izrađen na Zavodu za farmakologiju. Studij medicine je završio 1975. godine na Medicinskom fakultetu u Zagrebu, a 1977. obranom diseertacije “Istraživanja sadržaja fluorida prirodnih voda Jugoslavije, s posebnim osvrtom na učestalost zubnog karijesa” promoviran je u doktora medicinskih znanosti.On 27th April this year Prof. Dragutin Tomić, retired Professor of the School of Dental Medicine; our beloved Karlek, died. Prof. Dragutin Tomić was born in 1912 in Goražda. He attended Primary and Middle School in Poland and Czechoslovakia, where he passed his school-leaving examination at the high school in 1931. After high school graduation he studied Pharmacy at the University in Zagreb and graduated in 1935. He later worked for two years in pharmacies in Croatia and Bosnia. In 1937 he passed the state professional examination and acquired the title of Graduate Pharmacist. He later studied chemistry and physics at the Philosophy Faculty in Zagreb, and in 1941 graduated from the Faculty as Graduate Chemist. In 1942 he became Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) with the theme “A Contribution to Knowledge of Domestic (Srčenjaka)” at Zagreb University, the first Doctoral Dissertation at the Department of Pharmacology. He completed medical study in 1975 at the School of Medicine in Zagreb, and in 1977 after defending his dissertation “Study of Fluoride Content of Natural Waters in Yugoslavia, with Special Reference to the Frequency of Dental Caries”, became a Doctor of Medical Science (M.D.)

Adverse effects of drugs used by dental practitioner

Svaki lijek uz svoje poželjno terapijsko djelovanje može razviti i nepoželjno štetno djelovanje. Nepoželjna djelovanja lijeka mogu biti različita, od blagih koja nazivamo popratnim pojavama, do onih koja mogu ugroziti i život pacijenta. Nepoželjna djelovanja lijekova možemo podijeliti na a) toksična (lokalna ili sistemna) koja su u stomatološkoj praksi najčešća na antiseptike i lokalne anestetike, b) alergijiske reakcije, koje se mogu javiti na svaki lijek i ne ovise o primijenjenoj dozi, c) idiosinkraziju, genetski determiniranu abnormalnu reakciju na lijek i d) interferenciju s obrambenim snagama organizma.Every drug has potential toxic effect. The actions that are clinically desirable are considered as therapeutic effects while undersiable actions are named adverse effects. They may be trivial, but on occasion they are serious and may (be lethal. The adverse drug reactions can be classified into toxic reactions, for example, cardic arrest to local anesthaetics; and into allergic reactions. These reactions are neither dose dependent nor predictable, like toxic effects. A carefully obtained medical history should revead sensitization, but it is no assurance that allergy does not exist. Dental practitioner must be aware of pharmacologic actions, therapeutic use and adverse efeats of each drug, and must know to control those consequence of drug therapy that result from adverse drug reactions

Drug induced changes in oral tissue

Nepoželjna djelovanja lijekova koji se koriste u sistemnoj terapiji mogu se manifestirati promjenama u usnoj šupljini. Promjene mogu biti očekivani dio farmakološkog djelovanja lijeka, kao kserostomija koja prati terapiju antikolinergičnih lijekova ili nepoželjni učinak terapije. Nuzefekat može biti posljedica toksičnog djelovanja lijeka, alergijske reakcije ili interferencije s obrambenim snagama organizma. Sistemna terapija može izazvati oštećenja sluznice usne šupljine, hiperplazije, krvarenja, promjene u osjetu okusa, diskoloracije zubi, povećati sklonost zubnom karijesu ili dovesti do otoka parotide.Side efects of drugs for systemic therapy may manifest themselves intraorally. The adverse effects can be a part of expected pharmacological actions of drug, like xerostomia that occurs during the use of anticholinergics or the adverse drug reactions. A side effect can be a toxic reaction, allergic reaction or interference with natural defense mechanisms. Some commonly occuring changes in the tissues of the oral cavity are stomatitis, gingivitis, bleeding of the mucous membrane of the mouth, sensitivity of the tongue, gingival hyperplasia, taste disturbances, staining of the teeth, accelerated dental caries or salivary gland enlargement

Der Einfluss von saluretika auf die ausschdeidung von fluoriden im harn bei ratten

Ispitivano je izlučivanje različitih doza fluorida u urinu hidriranih štakora, nakon peroralne prim jene otopina natrij-fluorida i aminoflurida. Nađeno je izlučivanje fluorida, proporcionalno s prim ijenjenim dozama. Fluor-ioni iz otopine am inofluorida su se izlučivali u nešto većim količinama nego iz otopine natrij-fluorida. Saluretici hidroklorotiazid i klortalidon, koji povećavaju izlučivanje ostalih halogena (J, Cl, Br) nisu povećavali izlučivanje fluorida u mokraći štakora.The excretion of different doses of fluorides in urine of hydrated rats after peroral application of sodium fluoride and am inofluoride solutions was investigated. The excretion of fluorides was proportional to applied doses. Fluor-ions from am inofluoride solution were released in somewhat higher quantities than from sodium fluoride solution. Saluretics hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthaliidone, which increase the release of other halogens (J, Cl. Br) did not increase the excretion of fluorides in rats urine.Es wurde die Fluoridausscheidung im Urin w asserbelasteter Ratten nach peroraler Anwendung verschiedener Dosen von Natrium fluorid und Am inofluoriden untersucht. Die Ausscheidung der Fluor-Ionen entsprach proportional den verabreichten Fluor- -Dosen. Aus Am inofluoridlösungen wurden die Fluor-Ionen in etwas grösseren Mengen im Urin ausgeschieden, als aus Lösungen von N atrium fluorid. Saluretika wie Hydrochlorothiazid und C hlortalidon, welche die Ausscheidung der übrigen Halogene (CI, Br, J) verstärken, hatten praktisch keinen Einfluss auf die Fluoridaussheidung im Urin von Ratten