10 research outputs found
Sero-positivity to EKV-1 and EKV-2.
<p>A serosurvey for EKV-1 and EKV-2 was performed on Nigerian samples (n = 320). Cut-off values were based on the mean of US normals (n = 137) plus either 3xSD or 5xSD (SD = standard deviation).</p><p>Sero-positivity to EKV-1 and EKV-2.</p
Sequencing results and schematic representation of the EKV-1 and -2 genome organization.
<p>(<b>A</b>) Overview of the data generated for each novel rhabdovirus. (<b>B</b>) A schematic showing the assembled genomes, consisting of the following genes: <i>nucleoprotein</i> (N), <i>phosphoprotein</i> (P), <i>matrix</i> (M), <i>U1</i>/<i>U2</i>/<i>U3</i> (uncharacterized accessory proteins), <i>glycoprotein</i> (G), and <i>polymerase</i> (L). We indicate in orange (EKV-1) and blue (EKV-2) segments of the viral genomes that could not be assembled from Illumina reads and instead Sanger sequenced. (<b>C</b>) Coverage plots of the final viral genomes.</p
Examples of rhabdoviruses reported in Africa.
<p>A map depicting examples of rhabdoviruses isolated in sub-Saharan Africa. This map does not depict the current distribution of rhabdoviruses in Sub-Saharan Africa, nor is it meant as a comprehensive listing of all rhabdoviruses isolated in Africa; rather its purpose is to illustrate that many rhabdoviruses have been discovered throughout Africa over the past half-century. Country refers to the sample’s country of origin. Abbreviations: CAR, Central African Republic; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo.</p
Box-plot representation of statistically significant differences between survivors and fatal cases of Lassa fever.
<p>Urea and creatinine blood levels were drawn at admission. Comparison of unpaired groups was performed with the Mann-Whitney test. The number of cases per group is given below the plots in parentheses.</p
Virological and clinical data for Lassa fever patients.
<p>Due to a variable number of missing values, the number (n) of data points that were included in the analysis is indicated with each category.</p><p>Abbreviations:</p>a<p>Patients who were discharged after recovery.</p>b<p>Patients who died during hospitalization.</p>c<p>1+, Lassa virus RT-PCR was only positive with undiluted plasma; 2+, Lassa virus RT-PCR was positive with 1/10-volume plasma, irrespective of whether the undiluted sample was positive or not.</p>#<p>p<0.01 (PCR-positive survived vs. PCR-positive died).</p
Molecular testing for Lassa virus at ISTH.
<p>(A) Outline of the diagnostic laboratory with pre- and post-PCR areas (“Clean” and “Dirty”, respectively). (B) Inactivation of plasma samples in a chaotropic buffer in a plexiglas box in the inactivation room. All sample manipulations were done behind a plexiglas shield. The box features a UV light source on top for decontamination. (C) Example of an RT-PCR result. From each patient sample, 140 µl and 14 µl were processed (lanes UD [undiluted] and 1∶10, respectively).</p
Phylogenetic analysis of Lassa virus sequences from Edo State and Ondo State.
<p>Clusters A, B, and C collapsed in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001839#pntd-0001839-g005" target="_blank">Figure 5</a> are shown in detail here. The upper part of cluster C has been moved to the right (dashed line) to facilitate representation of all sequences. Published sequences are identified by GenBank accession numbers. The posterior probability of monophyly of the corresponding clade is indicated on the branches if the probability is ≥0.5. If known, State, Local Governmental Area (C, Central; W, West; E, East; NE, North-East; SE, South-East), and city is shown with the strains. Sequences from fatal cases are marked with (F). Sequences highlighted in boldface have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. JN651366-JN651400). Note, the tree contains some negative branch length at nodes with low posterior probability. This is a correct computational result which arises from calculation of the branch lengths in the consensus tree.</p
Phylogenetic analysis of Lassa virus sequences.
<p>The sequences of the PCR fragments obtained from positive cases were aligned with published sequences. The latter are identified by GenBank accession numbers. For clarity of presentation, only Nigerian strains are shown. The clusters A, B, and C comprising strains from Edo State and Ondo State were collapsed; these strains are shown separately in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001839#pntd-0001839-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6</a>. Posterior probability values are indicated on the branches. The country of origin of Lassa virus strains is indicated by a prefix: IC, Ivory Coast; NIG, Nigeria. If known, State and city is also shown with the strains (FCT, Federal Capital Territory). Sequences highlighted in boldface have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. JN651366-JN651400). Lassa virus lineages are indicated left. The novel putative lineage/sub-lineage represented by strain Nig05-A08 <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001839#pntd.0001839-Ehichioya2" target="_blank">[49]</a> is indicated with a question mark.</p
Geographic origin of Lassa fever cases.
<p>Top: Map of the southern part of Nigeria showing location of Edo State. Most of the samples came from Edo State and the neighboring Ondo State. FCT, Federal Capital Territory. Bottom: Map of Edo State with borders of the Local Governmental Areas (LGA). LGAs with confirmed Lassa fever cases are shaded from light to dark grey depending on the number of cases. The names of the LGAs with case number in parentheses are given below the map.</p
Seasonality of Lassa fever.
<p>(A) Number of cases tested, number of positive cases, and percentage of positive cases per month. (B) Average of incidence figures. The curves in A were smoothened by a sliding window covering a 3-month interval and subsequent averaging of the two years. Error bars indicate the range. The rainfall in Benin City is shown as a bar chart in the background in relative units (July = 360 mm). Climate data were taken from <a href="http://www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=nizz0004&lang=en" target="_blank">http://www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=nizz0004&lang=en</a> (accessed 1 June 2012).</p