Oro-cranial penetrating pencil injury

Oro-cranial penetrating injuries are often seen in ear, nose and throat practices. Cases of penetrated pencil injuries are rarely reported despite being common in the developing world. A 7-year-old boy referred from a neighboring hospital was playing at school with the sharp end of a pencil in his mouth when he was pushed from behind by another child. He fell on his face and the sharp end of the pencil penetrated his throat with the distal end hanging out. There was no bleeding at presentation, as the pencil completely sealed the entrance point. The entrance point was at the posterior wall of the oropharynx corresponding to the uvulo-palatine junction. It penetrated posterosuperiorly through the soft tissue to reach the anterior part of the posterior cranial fossa. Since sharp and pointed objects in the upper aerodigestive tract can result in potentially fatal complications, prompt diagnosis, a systematic treatment protocol, and an experienced trauma team are necessary to prevent a potential catastroph

Determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among female undergraduates in a tertiary institution in south eastern Nigeria: a cross sectional study

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and is the major cause of cancer deaths in developing countries. Screening is among the common cost effective control methods for the disease. This study ascertained the determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake among female undergraduates in a tertiary institution in south eastern Nigeria. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted using a stratified sampling technique among 375 respondents. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS version 21 was used in data analysis in which the association between qualitative variables was ascertained using Chi-square test at p<0.05 probability level. Results: The result revealed that majority of 321 (85.6%) were aware of CC as a disease and 202 (53.9%) of the respondents were aware of cervical cancer screening test. The study revealed that the uptake of cervical cancer screening was low among the female undergraduates. Only few 27 (7.2%) of the respondents have been previously screened for cervical cancer. High cost of screening 128 (31.2%) was the major reason for not undergoing screening. Significant association existed between socio-demographic variables (age, level of study, marital status and monthly allowance) and uptake of cervical cancer. Most of the respondents 10 (17.2%) that had been screened for cervical cancer were within the age bracket of 25-29 years and were in 500 level 21(19.4). Cervical cancer uptake was higher 9 (29%) in married females compared to single females 18 (5.2%). It was also indicated that all the participants who have been screened were screened at a cost of ₦ 1,001- ₦ 2,000. Majority of them 11 (25.6%) earned monthly allowance of ₦ 23,001- ₦ 30,000. Strong association were also found between awareness of cervical cancer (X² = 4.89, P = 0.027), availability of screening centre (X² = 37.433, P = <0.001), cost of screening (X² = 100,793, P = <0.001) and uptake of screening. Conclusion: The study revealed that the uptake of cervical cancer screening was low among the female undergraduates. In order to enhance screening uptake among female undergraduates, there is an urgent need to review the cost of screening especially in the school’s health centre and other hospitals/clinics within the school environment