5 research outputs found
Influence of the π‑Bridge-Fused Ring and Acceptor Unit Extension in D−π–A-Structured Organic Dyes for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Three new D−π–A-structured organic
dyes, coded
as SGT-138, SGT-150, and SGT-151, with the expansion of π-conjugation in the π-bridge
and acceptor parts have been developed to adjust HOMO/LUMO levels
and to expand the light absorption range of organic dyes. Referring
to the SGT-137 dye, the π-bridge group was extended
from the 4-hexyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]indole (TI) to the 9-hexyl-9H-thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole (TII), and the acceptor group was
extended from (E)-3-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic
acid (BTCA) to (E)-3-(4-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-ylethynyl)phenyl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid
(BTECA), where TII was introduced as a π-bridging
unit for the first time. It was determined that both extensions are
promising strategies to enhance the light-harvesting ability. They
present several features, such as (i) efficiently intensifying the
extinction coefficient and expanding the absorption bands; (ii) exhibiting
enhanced intramolecular charge transfer in comparison with the SGT-137; and (iii) being favorable to photoelectric current
generation of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with cobalt electrolytes.
In particular, the π-spacer extension from TI to TII was useful for modulating the HOMO energy levels, while
the acceptor extension from BTCA to BTECA was useful for modulating the LUMO energy levels. These phenomena
could be explained with the aid of density functional theory calculations.
Finally, the DSSCs based on new SGT-dyes with an HC-A1
co-adsorbent presented good power conversion efficiencies as high
as 11.23, 11.30, 11.05, and 10.80% for SGT-137, SGT-138, SGT-150, and SGT-151, respectively.
Furthermore, it was determined that the use of the bulky co-adsorbent,
HC-A1, can effectively suppress the structural relaxation of dyes
in the excited state, thereby enhancing the charge injection rate
of SGT-dyes. The observations in time-resolved photoluminescence
were indeed consistent with the variation in the PCE, quantitatively
Synergistic Effect of Size-Tailored Structural Engineering and Postinterface Modification for Highly Efficient and Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Despite significant progress in device performance, dye-sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs) continue to fall short of their theoretical potential.
Moreover, research in recent years needs to pay more attention to
improving the device fabrication process. To achieve the theoretical
efficiency limit, it is crucial to optimize the interface between
the dye and TiO2 nanoparticles in the entire device stack.
Our study indicates that optimizing the structure or size of the coadsorbents
and implementing a monolayer adsorption process can be an effective
strategy to reduce charge recombination and enhance light-harvesting
properties. Our research aims to develop a surface-coating adsorbent
plan that controls the TiO2 nanoparticle interface to achieve
the radiative limit of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Specifically,
we utilized 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (THCA) or chenodeoxycholic
acid (CDCA) as postinterfacial surface-coating adsorbents.
Our results demonstrate that this approach effectively achieves the
desired PCE limit. Combined with the coadsorbent structure engineering
and interface optimization, the device increased the packing area
on the TiO2 nanoparticles’ surface, reaching an
improved PCE of over 13.17% under simulated sunlight (1.5G), which
is the highest efficiency of a porphyrin single dye-based DSSC. In
particular, this practical approach was also applied to a large-area
DSSC with an area of 3 cm2, yielding a remarkable PCE of
9.04%. Furthermore, when applied to a polymer gel electrolyte, this
novel approach recorded the highest PCE of 11.16% with a long-term
operational stability of up to 1000 h for the quasi-solid-state DSSCs.
Our research findings provide a promising avenue for achieving high-performance
DSSCs with ease of access and demonstrate practical applications as
alternatives to conventional power sources
A Eu<sup>III</sup> Tetrakis(β-diketonate) Dimeric Complex: Photophysical Properties, Structural Elucidation by Sparkle/AM1 Calculations, and Doping into PMMA Films and Nanowires
Reaction of Ln<sup>III</sup> with
a tetrakisÂ(diketone) ligand H<sub>4</sub>L [1,1′-(4,4′-(2,2-bisÂ((4-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoyl)
phenoxy)Âmethyl)Âpropane-1,3-diyl)ÂbisÂ(oxy)ÂbisÂ(4,1-phenylene))ÂbisÂ(4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione)]
gives new podates which, according to mass spectral data and Sparkle/AM1
calculations, can be described as dimers, (NBu<sub>4</sub>[LnL])<sub>2</sub> (Ln = Eu, Tb, Gd:Eu), in both solid-state and dimethylformamide
(DMF) solution. The photophysical properties of the Eu<sup>III</sup> podate are compared with those of the mononuclear diketonate (NBu<sub>4</sub>[EuÂ(BTFA)<sub>4</sub>], BTFA = benzoyltrifluoroacetonate),
the crystal structure of which is also reported. The new Eu<sup>III</sup> dimeric complex displays bright red luminescence upon irradiation
at the ligand-centered band in the range of 250–400 nm, irrespective
of the medium. The emission quantum yields and the luminescence lifetimes
of (NBu<sub>4</sub>[EuL])<sub>2</sub> (solid state: 51% ± 8%
and 710 ± 2 μs; DMF: 31% ± 5% and 717 ± 1 μs)
at room temperature are comparable to those obtained for NBu<sub>4</sub>[EuÂ(BTFA)<sub>4</sub>] (solid state: 60 ± 9% and 730 ±
5 μs; DMF: 30 ± 5% and 636 ± 1 μs). Sparkle/AM1
calculations were utilized for predicting the ground-state geometries
of the Eu<sup>III</sup> dimer. Theoretical Judd–Ofelt and photoluminescence
parameters, including quantum yields, predicted from this model are
in good agreement with the experimental values, proving the efficiency
of this theoretical approach implemented in the LUMPAC software (http://lumpac.pro.br). The kinetic scheme for modeling energy
transfer processes show that the main donor state is the ligand triplet
state and that energy transfer occurs on both the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>1</sub> (44.2%) and <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> (55.8%) levels. Furthermore,
the newly obtained Eu<sup>III</sup> complex was doped into a PMMA
matrix to form highly luminescent films and one-dimensional nanowires
having emission quantum yield as high as 67%–69% (doping concentration
= 4% by weight); these materials display bright red luminescence even
under sunlight, so that interesting photonic applications can be foreseen
Novel Carbazole-Based Hole-Transporting Materials with Star-Shaped Chemical Structures for Perovskite-Sensitized Solar Cells
Novel carbazole-based hole-transporting
materials (HTMs), including
extended π-conjugated central core units such as 1,4-phenyl,
4,4′-biphenyl, or 1,3,5-trisphenylbenzene for promoting effective
π–π stacking as well as the hexyloxy flexible group
for enhancing solubility in organic solvent, have been synthesized
as HTM of perovskite-sensitized solar cells. A HTM with 1,3,5-trisphenylbenzene
core, coded as <b>SGT-411,</b> exhibited the highest charge
conductivity caused by its intrinsic property to form crystallized
structure. The perovskite-sensitized solar cells with <b>SGT-411</b> exhibited the highest PCE of 13.00%, which is 94% of that of the
device derived from <i>spiro</i>-OMeTAD (13.76%). Time-resolved
photoluminescence spectra indicate that <b>SGT-411</b> shows
the shortest decay time constant, which is in agreement with the trends
of conductivity data, indicating it having fastest charge regeneration.
In this regard, a carbazole-based HTM with star-shaped chemical structure
is considered to be a promising candidate HTM
B‑Doped Graphene as an Electrochemically Superior Metal-Free Cathode Material As Compared to Pt over a Co(II)/Co(III) Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
We report that B-doped graphene (BG)
is prepared and tested as
a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in
conjunction with CoÂ(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+/3+</sup> redox couple.
The BG CE has a lower charge-transfer resistance and much higher electrochemical
stability than those of Pt CE. As a result, the DSSC fabricated with
BG CE exhibits superior power conversion efficiency to that of DSSC
with Pt CE, suggesting potential to replace expensive Pt CE in DSSCs