PREVALENCE OF DYSLEXIA AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT BUITEMS

Dyslexia is identified in adults as a reading difficulty who faces phonological issues when reading though they possess the normal intelligence required for correct and fluent reading. Dyslexia is quite common with an incidence rate of approximately 5 to 10 % in adults. Dyslexic adult students struggle in reading and writing, mispronounces words, faces difficulty in remembering dates, names, etc. and verbal instruction, poor recall of conversations or events, etc. These verbal problems may create issues for them in carrying out their studies and thus their academics will be affected. &nbsp

Disseminated hydatid cyst of liver and lung

Hydatid cyst commonly affects liver followed by lung, but rarely affects both organs simultaneously. Here we presented a patient who presented with concurrent involvement of both lungs and liver. Patient presented with dyspnoea and generalised weakness with bilateral rounded opacities throughout the lung field of variable sizes. CT scan chest with contrast showed multiple rounded soft tissue density in both lungs and liver. Patient underwent mini thoracotomy which revealed multiple cystic lesions throughout lung. ELISA for anti-Echinococcusantibodies shows positive titres. Due to extensive involvement, patient was started on medical treatment albendazole. The patient showed significant improvement both clinically and radiographically on treatment. Thus long-term medical treatment helps in such cases where surgery is not possible

Frequency of Anosmia and Ageusia in COVID-19 Patients

Background:With little research about the disease progress and its variants from asymptomatic individuals to patients suffering from type 2 respiratory failure, it has been a challenge to diagnose the affected individuals and control its spread. Different initial researches indicated presence of sudden anosmia and dysgeusia in asymptomatic or mild symptomatic carriers. Hence the purpose of my research was to find out the frequency of these symptoms in covid-19 positive patients.Methods:This is a retrospective study of 157 patients who were tested positive with COVID -19 between March and September 1, 2020. Because of restrictions on visits to clinics and hospitals and increased risk of exposure during the epidemic, patients were not examined. Data was collected through google forms and telephonic interviews of patients who suffered from covid 19 in the past.Results:The data was analyzed using spss version 23. According to our result ,of all the patients suffered from covid -19 58.1% patients presented with sudden onset anosmia and 53.8% presented with sudden hypogeusia without any previous history of such symptoms.Conclusion:The purpose of my research was to conclude frequency of symptoms of sudden onset anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 patients in Pakistan. This will facilitate timely screening and thus isolation of affected individuals, thus decreasing the spread and lowering the curve. As proven, in addition of fever and sudden onset dry cough, isolated sudden onset anosmia(ISOA)should be considered one of the presenting complains

A CASE REPORT ON SYSTEMIC-ONSET JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (SOJIA) WITHOUT MULTIORGAN INVOLVEMENT

Systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) is a rare form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) which manifests as quotidian fevers and arthritis in one or more joints. Features include characteristic salmon pink-colored rash associated with lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and serositis. To the best of our knowledge, this is a rare form of JIA in India and very few cases without multiorgan involvement have been published in literature. The following case reports a 12-year-old male child who presented to the hospital with a history of spiking fevers and arthritis in the knees, ankle, and hip joints. Diagnosis of SoJIA was confirmed after subsequent laboratory investigations; treatment included long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and methotrexate. However, due to increased cost of medicines and no guaranteed “cure” for the disease, the present patient switched from allopathic to homeopathic medicines. He still experiences frequent flare-ups associated with the disease, during which aceclofenac is taken for symptom relief. This case also highlights the importance of a “cure” for diseases rather than “symptom-oriented” treatment measures. When a cure is not guaranteed, patients may transition to inexpensive alternate therapies portraying limited efficacy. Further research in the field of rheumatology, specifically for rare diseases, is warranted

Castleman Disease Mimicking Neurogenic Tumor Radiologically: A Case Report

Background: There are only few case reports of enlarged lymph node affecting carotid artery and mimicking neurogenic tumor radiologically. We have one such report to present Case presentation: We presented a young male with mass in left upper part of neck mimicking carotid body tumor on CT scan and MRI. Post operatively histopathology sample was sent which was identified as a case of castleman disease. This case has been described in detail in our report. Conclusion: Mass that was initially misunderstood as a case of neurogenic tumor and prepared accordingly showed out to a case of castleman lymphadenopathy. Thus the diagnosis of such unique presentation was made Due to castleman disease rarity and mostly asymptomatic presentation it is difficult to diagnose. Its similarity to lymphoma and paraganglioma radiologically further adds to its difficulty in diagnosis.. Thus it is important to consider castleman disease as a differential diagnosis of such mass

Determination of Reference Range of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) for Different Age Groups

Objective: To determine the reference interval of glycosylated haemoglobin for different age groups in our local Pakistani population. Subjects & methods: Total number of 164 healthy adults (91 females and 73 males), were selected through nonprobability consecutive sampling. After informed consent, venous blood sample (3-4 ml) from each subject was collected in EDTA vial under aseptic conditions. Haemolysed blood was used for estimation of HbA1c by Fast Ion-Exchange Resin Separation method on Microlab 300. The participants of the study were divided into three groups according to their age distribution. All data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and statistical software Minitab15. Mean and SDs were calculated for each group. Reference range of HbA1c was calculated for each group by using the formula Mean ± 2SD. Results: One hundred and sixty-four healthy individuals were included in the study. Mean age of the individuals was 32±11.6 years and mean HbA1c level was 4.17±0.93%. The reference range of HbA1c for age group 20-30 years was 2.09-5.57% with the mean value of 3.83±0.87%. The reference range of HbA1c for age group 31-40 years was 2.63-5.99% with the mean value of 4.31±0.84%.The reference range of HbA1c for individuals > 40 years of age was 2.8-6.4% with the mean value of 4.31±0.9%. Conclusion: For proper assessment of the diabetic status, it is mandatory that every lab should establish its own reference range of HbA1c for both genders and different age groups representing its patient population.&nbsp

Perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan: An exploratory qualitative study

Objective: To explore healthcare provider\u27s perspectives and experiences of the barriers and facilitators to treat and manage COVID-19 cases.Design and setting: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using a purposive sampling approach, at a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Study data were analysed manually using the conventional content analysis technique.Participants: Key-informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with senior management and hospital leadership and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with front-line healthcare providers.Results: A total of 31 interviews (KIIs=19; IDIs=12) were conducted, between April and May 2020. Three overarching themes emerged. The first was \u27challenges faced by front-line healthcare providers working in COVID-19 wards. Healthcare workers experienced increased anxiety due to the fear of acquiring infection and transmitting it to their family members. They felt overwhelmed due to the exhaustive donning and doffing process, intense work and stigmatisation. The second theme was \u27enablers supporting healthcare providers to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic\u27. Front liners pointed out several enabling factors that supported hospital staff including a safe hospital environment, adequate training, a strong system of information sharing and supportive management. The third theme was \u27recommendations to support the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 crisis\u27. Healthcare workers recommended measures to mitigate current challenges including providing risk allowance to front-line healthcare providers, preparing a backup health workforce, and establishing a platform to address the mental health needs of the healthcare providers.Conclusion: This study provides an initial evidence base of healthcare providers\u27 experiences of managing patients with COVID-19 in the early stage of the pandemic and highlights measures needed to address the encountered challenges. It offers lessons for hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries to ensure a safe working environment for front-line workers in their fight against COVID-19