Releasing and Freezing Phase Separation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Silica To Control Polymorphs of Silica

Crystalline silica is prepared beyond 1500 °C in a traditional process. Here, we prepared both cristobalite-rich and quartz-rich silica by calcinating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silica films at 900 °C. Results of characterizations show that polymorphisms of silica were dependent on the phase separation of PVA and silica before calcinations. The phase separation is controlled by a coagulation bath. By soaking PVA/silica hybrid films in a coagulation bath before thermal treatment, phase separation of PVA and silica was frozen and prevented. When PVA/silica hybrid films were not soaked in a coagulation bath before thermal treatment, phase separation of PVA and silica was released. Further research reveals that different phase structures of PVA and silica generate distinct microscopical morphologies and molecular structures of silica, leading to variation of the final polymorphs

Additional file 1 of DNA damage response alterations in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: clinical, molecular, and prognostic implications

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The relationship between DDR mutation and clinical outcome in the TCGA cohort. (A) Overall survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in all patients. (B) Progression-free survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in all patients. (C) Progression-free survival of patients stratified by DDR-mut/wt status in the immunotherapy cohort

DataSheet_1_Case report: Targeted sequencing facilitates the diagnosis and management of rare multifocal pure ground-glass opacities with intrapulmonary metastasis.docx

IntroductionTreatments for multiple ground-glass opacities (GGOs) for which the detection rate is increasing are still controversial. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) may provide additional key evidence for differential diagnosis or optimal therapeutic schedules.Case presentationWe first reported a rare case in which more than 100 bilateral pulmonary GGOs (91.7% of the GGOs were pure GGOs) were diagnosed as both multiple primary lung cancer and intrapulmonary metastasis. We performed NGS with an 808-gene panel to assess both somatic and germline alterations in tissues and plasma. The patient (male) underwent three successive surgeries and received osimertinib adjuvant therapy due to signs of metastasis and multiple EGFR-mutated tumors. The patient had multiple pure GGOs, and eight tumors of four pathological subtypes were evaluated for the clonal relationship. Metastasis, including pure GGOs and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, was found between two pairs of tumors. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring of disease status may impact clinical decision-making.ConclusionsSurgery combined with targeted therapies remains a reasonable alternative strategy for treating patients with multifocal GGOs, and NGS is valuable for facilitating diagnostic workup and adjuvant therapy with targeted drugs through tissue and disease monitoring via ctDNA.</p

Additional file 1: of Indocyanine Green Loaded Reduced Graphene Oxide for In Vivo Photoacoustic/Fluorescence Dual-Modality Tumor Imaging

The supplementary characterization results of rNGO-PEG/ICG. (DOCX 2405 kb

Aberrant SIRT6 expression contributes to melanoma growth: Role of the autophagy paradox and IGF-AKT signaling

<p>Melanoma is among the most life-threatening cancers. The pathogenesis of melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Recently, dysregulated macroautophagy/autophagy has been found to play a critical but inconsistent role in modulating melanoma growth at different stages, with the regulatory mechanism unclear. The histone deacetylase SIRT6 (sirtuin 6) is a known autophagy regulator, and its involvement in cancer development has been reported. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of SIRT6 in melanoma growth and detect its possible link with autophagy in the current study. We initially observed that the expression of SIRT6 decreased in primary melanoma but increased in metastatic melanoma compared with melanocytic nevus. Notably, the expression of SIRT6 was significantly correlated with the expression of autophagy biomarkers including MAP1LC3/LC3 and SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, SIRT6 suppressed the growth of primary melanoma but promoted metastatic melanoma development in an autophagy-dependent way <i>in vitro</i>. Moreover, SIRT6 exerted its regulation on melanoma growth via the IGF-AKT signaling pathway, and the intervention of AKT could partly reverse the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma growth by regulating autophagy. At last, we determined the effects of SIRT6 on melanoma development <i>in vivo</i>. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the bimodal expression of SIRT6 at different melanoma stages plays a critical role in regulating melanoma growth through an autophagy-dependent manner, which indicates the potential of SIRT6 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in melanoma.</p