Uticaj inokulacije soje na mikrobiološku aktivnost zemljišta

Soil fertility is associated with the activity of soil microflora, which in its turn depends on the content of organic matter in soil, soil moisture, temperature and pH, mineral nutrition, effectiveness of nodular bacteria and the crop grown. An experiment was established in 2002 at Rimski Šančevi experiment field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in which the soybean variety Afrodita was treated with microbial fertilizers NS-Nitragin and BactoFil B. The soybean variety and NS-Nitragin have been developed at the Institute, while BactoFil B comes from Hungary. The experimental design was random blocks with four replications. Each replication consisted of six 5-m rows spaced 0.5 m apart. Seed inoculation variants were: noninoculated control (Ø); inoculation with NS-Nitragin for soybean (N) immediately before planting; inoculation with NS-Nitragin and BaktoFil B incorporation in soil (N+Bac.B). We monitored the effect of inoculation on soil biological activity and effectiveness of the symbiotic association. The microbial fertilizers NS-Nitragin and BactoFil B positively affected the presence of the analyzed microbial groups in the soil. The microbial fertilizers improved the agrochemical and biological properties of the soil. The incorporation of the microorganisms also affected the effectiveness of the symbiotic association. Soybean yield was highest in the variant of inoculation with NS-Nitragin and BactoFil B incorporation in the soil. .Plodnost zemljišta vezana je sa aktivnošću njene mikroflore, koja zavisi od sadržaja organske materije u zemljištu, vlažnosti zemljišta, temperature, pH sredine, mineralne ishrane, efektivnosti kvržičnih bakterija kao i od biljke domaćina. Na Oglednim poljima Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo na Rimskim Šančevima u toku 2002 godine je postavljen ogled sa sojom (Afrodita) uz primenu mikrobiološkog đubriva NS-Nitragina i BactoFila B. Genotip soje poreklom je iz Instituta kao i mikrobiološki preparat NS-Nitragin za soju, a BactoFil B poreklom je iz Mađarske Ogled je postavljen po slučajnom blok sistemu u 4 ponavljanja, svako ponavljanje sadržalo je šest redova, dužine 5m, razmak između redova bio je 0,5m. Varijante inokulacije semena su bile: kontrolna (Ø) (neinokulisana); varijanta inokulisano seme neposredno pred setvu NS-Nitraginom za soju (N); inokulisano seme sa NS-Nitraginom i inkorporirani BaktoFil B u zemljište (N+Bac.B) Praćen je efekat inokulacije na biološku aktivnost zemljišta i efektivnost simbiotske zajednice. Mikrobiološka đubriva NS-Nitragin i BactoFil B utiču pozitivno na zastupljenost ispitivanih grupa mikroorganizama u zemljištu. Primenom mikrobioloških đubriva poboljšavaju se agrohemijske i biološke osobine zemljišta, unošenjem mikroorganizama koji obavljaju određene procese u zemljištu utiče se i na efektivnost simbiotske zajednice. Prinos zrna soje najveći je kod inokulacije semena sa NS-Nitraginom i inkorporiranim BactoFilom B u zemljište.

Photoperiodism in soybeans in dependence of planting dates

During 1994 and 1995 field investigations has been provided in order to examine photoperiod reaction of soybean plants from various maturity groups, that are created and grown in environmental conditions of Yugoslavia. Moreover, the objective was to examine influence of daylight changes on yield, as the main and final goal of the plant breeding. Four commercial soybean varieties created in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad were tested: Ranka, Panonka, Balkan and Vojvodjanka), The trial was set according to RCBD method in 4 replications, with 7 planting dates

Proizvodnja i prerada soje u Jugoslaviji, potrebe i mogućnosti

Zhog vrlo povoljnog hemijskog sastava zrna, soja je jedna od najrasprostranjenijih gajenih biljnih vrsta u svetu. U našoj zemlji gajenje soje nema dugu tradiciju, ali u poslednjih 15 godina ona se seje prosečno na oko 65.000 ha, a postiže se prosečno 1,93 t hat. Preko 90% ukupnih površina nalazi se u Vojvodini. Zastupljenost od 1,8% obradivih površina je nedovoljna da podmiri domaće potrebe u sojinoj sačmi. Posebno nizak udeo u setvenoj strukturi ima na individualnom sektoru. Fabrika za preradu soje u Bečeju vec nekoliko godina radi sa smanjenim kapaciterom, te smo prinuđeni da uvozimo zrno za preradu ili već gotove proizvode za ishranu stoke. Povećanjem površina, višim prinosima i postrnom setvom moguće je obezbediti veću količinu soje

Stabilnost prinosa i sadržaj ulja i proteina u novim i gajenim genotipovima soje

During 1999 and 2000, investigations were conducted in order to evaluate yield stability and oil and protein content in new and grown soybean genotypes, and to establish correlation's between investigated traits. It has been established that the influence of agroecological conditions on grain yield was high, and only a small number of newly created genotypes surpassed standard varieties. Variability is particularly marked in unfavorable year which was indicated by high coefficient of variation. Oil and protein content mainly depends on agroecological conditions during beginning seed and seed filling period. Few newly created genotypes had higher protein content, which, aside of yield, was main breeding goal. Significantly negative correlation between grain yield and protein content cumbers creation of high-yielding genotypes with high protein content.Istraživanja sprovedena tokom 1999. i 2000. godine imala su za cilj proveru stabilnosti prinosa, sadržaja ulja i proteina u novim i gajenim genotipovima soje i utvrde korelacije između ispitivanih svojstava. Ustanovljeno je da je uticaj ekoloških činilaca na prinos veoma izražen, te da je mali broj novostvorenih genotipova po prinosu dostigao ili nadmašio standarde. Varijabilnost je naročito izražena u nepovoljnoj godini, na šta ukazuje visok koeficijent varijacije. Sadržaj proteina i ulja u zrnu soje u velikoj meri su zavisni od agroekoloških uslova tokom formiranja i nalivanja zrna. Nekoliko novostvorenih genotipova imaju viši sadržaj proteina od standarda, što je pored prinosa bio glavni cilj selekcije. Izrazito negativna korelacija između prinosa i sadržaja proteina otežava stvaranje visokoprinosnih genotipova sa visokim sadržajem proteina

Nove sorte soje

Soybean was grown in our country since nineteen seventies. Around the same time, work on the development of domestic soybean varieties, adapted to the local agroecological conditions, began at die Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Before that, introduced foreign varieties had been grown. The main breeding targets at that time were to develop varieties with high genetic yield potential, specified vegetation period, resistance to lodging, pod shattering and the major diseases. As the soybean acreage expanded, specific demands appeared extremely short vegetation period for soybean growing as a second crop, increased protein content, changed oil composition, etc. Thus far, 66 Institutes varieties were registered in our country and 10 abroad. In mid-eighties, soybean breeding programs commenced at Uljarice in Belgrade, which produced 8 soybean varieties, and at the Maize Institute in Zemun Polje, which rendered 3 varieties.Površine pod sojom su u našoj zemlji u poslednje tri decenije u stalnom porastu. Nedostatak kvalitetnih domaćih sorti u početku je prevaziđen uvozom prvenstveno američkih sorti. Intenziviranjem programa oplemenjivanja soje, naročito u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sodu, u proizvodnju ulaze prve domaće sorte koje su bile ravne introdukovanim. Novostvorene sorte priznate devedesetih godina šupo svojim agronomskim karakteristikama znatno nadmašile strane sorte i sada čine osnovu domaćeg sortimenta i značajno doprinose stabilnosti proizvodnje

Botrytis squamosa - prouzrokovač lisne pegavosti luka u Bosni i Herzegovini

Over the past several decades, necrotic spots, lesions and blight symptoms have been observed on onion leaves in several locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the crop is grown intensively. The type of symptoms indicated a possible infection with Botrytis squamosa, a widespread pathogen of onion. As symptoms of leaf spots and necrotic lesions can also be caused by some other biotic and abiotic factors, our research focused on identifying the causal agent of the observed symptoms. The pathogen was isolated from diseased tissue using standard phytopathological procedure and identified based on pathogenic and morphological features. Identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The influence of temperature and growth medium on mycelial growth rate of the isolates was also studied.U poslednjih nekoliko godina, na nekoliko lokaliteta u području intenzivne proizvodnje crnog luka u Bosni i Hercegovini uočena je pojava nekrotičnih pega i sušenja lišća. Simptomi oboljenja ukazali su na moguće prisustvo široko rasprostranjenog patogena luka, vrste Botrytis squamosa. S obzirom da pegavost i nekrotične lezije na listu luka mogu biti prouzrokovane različitim biotičkim i abiotičkim faktorima, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se precizno identifikuje prouzrokovač oboljenja. Patogen je izolovan primenom standardnih fitopatoloških metoda i identifikovan na osnovu proučenih patogenih i morfoloških karakteristika dobijenih izolata. Identifikacija je potvrđena amplifikacijom i sekvenciranjem ITS rDNA genomnog regiona. Takođe, proučen je uticaj temperature i hranljive podloge na porast izolata

Pravci u selekciji i proizvodnji soje

Metodi stvaranja varijabilnosti kao i selekcione tehnike su brojni i zavise od biljne vrste i cilia oplemenjivanja. Donedavno je cilj oplemenjivackih pro- grama za bilo koju biljnu vrstu bio visok potencijal za rodnost i otpornost prema najrasprostranjenijim bolestima. Multidisciplinarna istrazivanja, kao i napredal u nizu naucnih oblasti dovela su do primene genetskog inZenjeringa, nove metode u oplemenjivanju biljaka. Genetski inZenjering podrazumeva proces prenosa DNK iz jednog organizma u drugi i ekpresiju u biljci domacdinu. Tako se u savremenoj bilinoj proizvodnji pojavljuje novi termin genetski modi- fikovani organizam. Genetski modifikovana soja spada u red gajenih biljnih vrsta koje su medu prvima osvojile znacajne povriine u proizvodnji

Proizvodnja soje na teritoriji opština Sombor, Apatin i Odžaci u periodu 1998-2007

DP Agroinstitut Sombor monitored soybean production in the municipalities of Sombor, Apatin and Odžaci over a 10-year period (1998-2007). In the three municipalities, soybean is grown on 4-10% of the total area sown to agricultural crops. Data for the study were collected by surveying the growers and inspecting the fields directly. The average yield was 2.51 t/ha, and yield formation was affected by weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) and the cultural practices applied. Crop rotation was used on 90% of the total soybean acreage. On about 80% of the acreage, basic tillage was performed in the autumn, whereas on the other 20%, it was carried out in the spring, leading to significant yield losses. Late sowing also resulted in some yield losses. Although mineral fertilizer use has been on the increase in the area, there has been no correlation found between yield and the fertilizer rates applied so far. Soybean cultivars from different maturity groups were grown. Medium-maturing varieties were grown the most (over 50%), the late ones were planted on about a third of the area, while the rest of the acreage was sown to either early or very early varieties.DP 'Agroinstitut' Sombor je tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda, 1998-2007. godine, pratio proizvodnju soje na teritoriji opština Sombor, Apatin i Odžaci. Soja u strukturi setve u ovim opštinama učestvuje sa 4 do 10%. Podaci su prikupljani putem ankete proizvođača i neposrednom kontrolom proizvodnih površina. Prosečan prinos je bio 2.51 t/ha, a pored vremenskih uslova (temperatura i padavine) na formiranje prinosa su uticale i pojedine agrotehničke mere. Od ukupno posmatranih površina plodored je poštovan na preko 90% površina. Osnovna obrada je na oko 80% površina izvedena u jesen, a na 20% u proleće, što je dovelo do značajnog smanjenja prinosa. Setva soje u kasnijim rokovima takođe dovodi do smanjenja prinosa. Količina primenjenog mineralnog đubriva je u porastu, ali do sada primenjivane doze nisu u korelaciji sa prinosom. Gajene su sorte različitih grupa zrenja. Najviše su bile zastupljene srednjestasne sorte, preko 50%, zatim kasne sorte, na oko trećini površina, a ostalo su bile rane i vrlo rane sorte

Path coefficient analysis of the effect of yield, oil content and the duration of vegetative and reproductive periods on seed protein content in soybean

During 1991 and 1992, a study was carried out to determine the effect of yield, oil content, and the duration of the vegetative and reproductive periods on protein content in soybean seeds. In 1991 protein content was highly negatively correlated with yield, oil content, and the duration of the vegetative period; in 1992 only the duration of the vegetative period was associated with seed protein. Path-coefficient analysis showed that in 1991 only oil content had a significant direct effect on protein content, whereas in 1992 only length of the vegetative period had a direct effect on seed protein content. Our findings have shown that, despite its high heritability, protein content primarily depends on environmental factors and other traits, such as oil content

Rekordna proizvodnja soje

U 2005. godini ostvarena je rekordna proizvodnja soje od preko 380.000 t Postignuti su prinosi na pojedinim parcelama od preko 5 t za kasnije grupe zrenja, odnosno 4 t za ranije grupe zrenja. Soja je tokom vegetacije dobro podnela velike količine padavina, ali su one ometale žetvu. Žetveni gubici značajno variraju i na ispitivanim površinama se kreću od 119 kg/ha do 721 kg/ha, u proseku 300 kg/ha ili oko 10% ovogodišnje proizvodnje