11,446 research outputs found
Low-degree multi-spectral p-mode fitting
We combine unresolved-Sun velocity and intensity observations at multiple wavelengths from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Array onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory to investigate the possibility of multi-spectral mode-frequency estimation at low spherical harmonic degree. We test a simple multi-spectral algorithm using a common line width and frequency for each mode and a separate amplitude, background and asymmetry parameter, and compare the results with those from fits to the individual spectra. The preliminary results suggest that this approach may provide a more stable fit than using the observables separately
Multiplicity, Invariants and Tensor Product Decomposition of Tame Representations of U(\infty)
The structure of r-fold tensor products of irreducible tame representations
of the inductive limit U(\infty) of unitary groups U(n) are are described,
versions of contragredient representations and invariants are realized on
Bargmann-Segal-Fock spaces.Comment: 48 pages, LaTeX file, to appear in J. Math. Phy
Deeply penetrating banded zonal flows in the solar convection zone
Helioseismic observations have detected small temporal variations of the
rotation rate below the solar surface corresponding to the so-called `torsional
oscillations' known from Doppler measurements of the surface. These appear as
bands of slower and faster than average rotation moving equatorward. Here we
establish, using complementary helioseismic observations over four years from
the GONG network and from the MDI instrument on board SOHO, that the banded
flows are not merely a near-surface phenomenon: rather they extend downward at
least 60 Mm (some 8% of the total solar radius) and thus are evident over a
significant fraction of the nearly 200 Mm depth of the solar convection zone.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures To be published in ApJ Letters (accepted 3/3/2000
Characteristics of long-duration inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in rat neocortical neurons in vitro
1. The characteristics of long-duration inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (l-IPSPs) which are evoked in rat frontal neocortical neurons by local electrical stimulation were investigated with intracellular recordings from anin vitro slice preparation.
2. Stimulation with suprathreshold intensities evoked l-IPSPs with typical durations of 600â900 msec at resting membrane potential. Conductance increases of 15â60% were measured at the peak amplitude of l-IPSPs (150â250 msec poststimulus).
3. The duration of the conductance increases during l-IPSPs displayed a significant voltage dependence, decreasing as the membrance potential was depolarized and increasing with hyperpolarization.
4. The reversal potential of l-IPSPs is significantly altered by reductions in the extracellular potassium concentration. Therefore it is concluded that l-IPSPs in rat neocortical neurons are generated by the activation of a potassium conductance.
5. l-IPSPs exhibit stimulation fatigue. Stimulation with a frequency of 1 Hz produces a complete fatigue of the conductance increases during l-IPSPs after approximately 20 consecutive stimuli. Recovery from this fatigue requires minutes.
6. l-IPSPs are not blocked by bicuculline but are blocked by baclofen
Noncommutative symmetric functions and Laplace operators for classical Lie algebras
New systems of Laplace (Casimir) operators for the orthogonal and symplectic
Lie algebras are constructed. The operators are expressed in terms of paths in
graphs related to matrices formed by the generators of these Lie algebras with
the use of some properties of the noncommutative symmetric functions associated
with a matrix. The decomposition of the Sklyanin determinant into a product of
quasi-determinants play the main role in the construction. Analogous
decomposition for the quantum determinant provides an alternative proof of the
known construction for the Lie algebra gl(N).Comment: 25 page
Solar cycle induced variations in GONG p-mode frequencies and splittings
We have analysed the recently available GONG p-mode frequencies and splitting
coefficients for a period of three and half years, including the rapidly rising
phase of solar cycle 23. The analysis of mean frequency shift with different
activity indices shows that the shift is equally correlated with both magnetic
and radiative indices. During the onset of the new cycle 23, we notice that the
change in splitting coefficient is more prominent than the change in
. We have estimated the solar rotation rate with varying depth and
latitude. In the equatorial region, the rotation first increases with depth and
then decreases, while an opposite behaviour is seen in the polar region. We
also find a small but significant temporal variation in the rotation rate at
high latitudes.Comment: Uses aastex, To appear in Astrophysical Journal, October 10, 2000
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Changes in the sensitivity of solar p-mode frequency shifts to activity over three solar cycles
Low-degree solar p-mode observations from the long-lived Birmingham Solar
Oscillations Network (BiSON) stretch back further than any other single
helioseismic data set. Results from BiSON have suggested that the response of
the mode frequency to solar activity levels may be different in different
cycles. In order to check whether such changes can also be seen at higher
degrees, we compare the response of medium-degree solar p-modes to activity
levels across three solar cycles using data from Big Bear Solar Observatory
(BBSO), Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG), Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI)
and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), by examining the shifts in the mode
frequencies and their sensitivity to solar activity levels. We compare these
shifts and sensitivities with those from radial modes from BiSON. We find that
the medium-degree data show small but significant systematic differences
between the cycles, with solar cycle 24 showing a frequency shift about 10 per
cent larger than cycle 23 for the same change in activity as determined by the
10.7 cm radio flux. This may support the idea that there have been changes in
the magnetic properties of the shallow subsurface layers of the Sun that have
the strongest influence on the frequency shifts.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by MNRAS 3rd July 201
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Tongue-tie and breastfeeding: Identifying problems in the diagnostic and treatment journey
Background Tongue-tie is a common condition that often adversely affects breastfeeding. There is research that suggests that frenulotomy can improve breastfeeding but there is also evidence of lack of professional knowledge on tongue-tie. Methods This was a qualitative interview study with GPs, midwives, health visitors and nine mothers to explore facilitators and barriers to receiving a diagnosis of and treatment for tongue-tie. Findings Mothers told a common story of having to push for support, experiencing diagnostic and treatment delays and suffering ongoing distress, which threatened their ability to establish breastfeeding. Mothers also described feeling vulnerable in the neonatal period, and witnessing a variation in professional knowledge about tongue-tie. Conclusions Variable professional knowledge, conflicting advice, and a delayed diagnosis can lead to a difficult patient pathway. Assessment for tongue-tie should be considered when approaching infants with feeding difficulties. Frenulotomy should also be considered and services made available where findings suggest the cause is structural and breastfeeding support has not helped. </jats:sec
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