The diffusion of energy saving technologies in shipping

Energy efficiency technologies are a key enabler for shipping’s transition towards a low carbon future. Numerous energy saving technologies have been suggested but their implementation is not well known. To that end various attempts have been made to assess the uptake of these technical energy efficiency measures in shipping. The research described in this paper goes further than the general level implementation of the measures by assessing the implementation at the ship level (e.g. by ship type and ship size) and at the company level (e.g. type of company and size of company) thus enabling to build an accurate picture of the take-up of these measures. This is done through a survey of over 270 shipping companies, across 30 countries. Thereafter, a framework is developed to reliably forecast uptake of energy efficiency innovations in shipping. The results from the survey suggest the widespread use of bulbous bows, pre/post-swirl devices, engine modifications, lowering design speed and de-rating. The framework developed in the paper could be a suitable way forward to forecast future take-up of energy efficiency technologies in shipping

Dynamic hyperpaths: the stop model

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of exploiting the hyperpath paradigm to model the dynamic transit assignment in metropolitan networks affected by heavy congestion. The core problem is to develop a stop model for reproducing what happens in the case of passenger queues and to verify which boarding rule is suitable to represent this congestion phenomenon. Different models are proposed depending on the layout of the stop and on the congestion level