Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) in Persian speaking population: Adaption, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

There is an urgent need to develop appropriate instruments to measure student Interpersonal Emotion Regulation for the fields of research and practice. In this study, we sought to validate a brief measure to assess Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in students. The aim of research was validation of Persian (Farsi) translation of this inventory.Participants were 392 Persian speaking students from Ferdowsi University students by quota sampling. Participants completed interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire, Kashdan emotional styles scale and stress, depression, anxiety and attachment styles of Collins. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire Cronbach’s alpha method was used, also confirmatory factor analysis method, content validity and construct validity were used to determine the validity of the questionnaire.The results indicate that there is positive and significant corelation between IERQ and secure attachment subscale. It means that students' predominant emotional styles are considered as adjustment and it is mostly used by people to control their emotion regulation. Alpha coefficient was 0.88 for internal consistency of IERQ. Also the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the structure of the questionnaire is significantly fitted with data and all fitting indexes may confirm the model.It can be interfered from the results of the research that 20-item form of interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire is sufficiently reliable and validated among Persian speaking students. So this questionnaire is a useful tool for determining inter-personal emotion regulation

Identification of Approaches in the Approved Objectives, The Syllabuses of Teacher Training, and National Program in Iran's Case

AbstractAs one of multiple forms of literacy, art can cause human to achieve knowledge and insight. This subject can be studied as to various visions or approaches to art education. In this integrative inquiry, approaches of art education were studied and the results showed that the dominant approach in the current approved objectives is visual culture vision and in both the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training programs is art production approach. In the NC, thinking disposition, aesthetic, and DBAE approaches have been considered. Knowledge-domains in the current approved objectives for art education more relates to knowing that, and knowing how is more obvious in the curriculum and syllabuses of art teacher training, while The NC contains several knowledge kindsand approaches

Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of Subjective Vitality Scale in students

The purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of subjective vitality scale in students. The research design was correlational and the statistical population consisted of students of Shahid Beheshti University and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences university of Tehran. Two sample groups including  247(sample 1) and 239(sample 2) students were selected through multi-stage sampling and completed Subjective Vitality scale( Ryan & Frederick, 1997) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire( Hills & Argyle, 2002). Internal consistency, exploratory and confirmatory, convergent and criterion validity were analyzed. Results showed that subjective vitality scale show the structure of an agent with explained variance of 59.47%. Confirmatory validity and gender invariance was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha and split half coefficients for the scale were 0.88 and 0.85. There were no significant differences in scale according to age, marital status,  and field of study. Convergent validity was also confirmed in relation to the dimensions of happiness. It seems that the subjective vitality scales, has a good reliability and validity in students

Development and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Sexual Communication Model Counseling Package on the Satisfaction and Sexual Intimacy of Iranian Couples

Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is considered one of the most important factors in marital happiness, and it plays a significant role in the health, well-being, and overall quality of life for individuals in a society. Therefore, the research aims to develop and assess the effectiveness of a counseling package based on the sexual communication model on the level of satisfaction and sexual intimacy in Iranian couples.Methods: The research was conducted using a mixed exploratory research design. Initially, qualitative methods were employed to identify the factors influencing couples' sexual exchange. Subsequently, a counseling package was developed based on these factors. For the purpose of quantitative validation, the relative content validity ratio and content validity index were utilized. In the next research phase, an applied and semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design was employed, including a one-month follow-up with a control group. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the SPSS software version 26.Results: The results showed that the relative content validity coefficient and content validity index were higher than the required size (CVR≥49 and CVI≥79) and a valid counseling package was prepared. The results of the next stage also showed that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly increased sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01); the experimental group had a significant increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.Results: The results indicated that the content validity ratio and content validity index exceeded the required thresholds (CVR≥0.49 and CVI≥0.80), establishing the validity of the counseling package. Subsequently, the results of the next phase demonstrated that the sexual communication pattern counseling package significantly contributed to sexual satisfaction (P<0.01) and sexual intimacy (P<0.01). The experimental group exhibited a substantial increase in sexual satisfaction and intimacy compared to the control group.Conclusion: The counseling package based on the sexual communication pattern is valid and can lead to an increase in the sexual satisfaction and intimacy of Iranian couples

Mediating Role of Goal Orientation in the Relationship of Spirituality and Self-Efficacy with Hope in University Students: a Structural Model

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective:Religion and spiritual beliefs are of particular significance in human’s life. Self-efficacy is also a motivating factor for activating, strengthening, sustaining, and guiding behavior toward the goal. Each of these two variables can affect different aspects of life, even how hopeful individuals are. Taking this into account, this study aimed to examine the role of spirituality and self-efficacy in students' hope given the mediating role of goal orientation.Method: The research method is descriptive-correlational, using path analysis. The statistical population included students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Regarding the number of variables in the proposed path analysis model, which is considered for each variable of 15 people, and by considering the criterion of the generalizability of sample findings to the community, 280 students from the statistical population were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, spirituality, self-efficacy, hope and goal orientation questionnaires were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and path analysis. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The correlation results show that all of the observed variables correlate (p&lt;0.01). Performing a path analysis to test the relationship between the role of spirituality and self-efficacy on hope through goal orientation and the proposed pattern (RMSEA=0.098, GFI=0/99) showed to be well fit.Conclusion:The results of this research suggest that spirituality and self-efficacy through the goal orientation mediation will increase the hope of students. Therefore, considering the positive impact of self-efficacy and spirituality and goal orientation, the use of these capacities is recommended in individual and group planning and activities of students to boost their hopes.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here

The Mediating Role of Metacognition in the Relationship between Internet Addiction and General Health

Background: Internet addiction is one of the harmful effects of the Internet. The findings of several studies have indicated a relationship between general health and Internet addiction. Metacognition, which includes the knowledge, processes, and strategies to evaluate, and monitor or control the cognition, can play a significant role in this regard. The present research aimed to assess the mediating role of metacognitive variables in the relationship between Internet addiction and general health. Methods: This correlational study included 94 male and female users with different nationalities at Internet cafés in Abu Dhabi (the United Arab Emirates). All subjects aged at least 18 years and were proficient in English. The research tools included the General Health Questionnaire (with a reliability of 0.89), Metacognition Questionnaire (with a reliability of 0.82), and Kimberly Young's Internet Addiction Test (with a reliability of 0.88). The hypothesis was tested applying SPSS18 and Amos18. Findings: The results indicated a significant positive relationship between all aspects of metacognition and Internet addiction (r = 0.30; P < 0.01). A significant positive relationship was also observed between Internet addiction and general health (r = 0.47; P < 0.01). Path analysis revealed the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between low general health and Internet addiction. Among the metacognitive variables, the mind control had the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.80). Conclusion: The Internet and digital technologies have caused unwanted and negative effects which are classified as emerging damages. The relationship between Internet addiction and general health has been confirmed in this research. In addition, metacognitive processes can have a positive and mediating role on this relationship.   Keywords: Internet, Internet addiction, General health, Metacognitio

Psychometric Properties of the General Belongingness Scale in University Students

The purpose of the present study was to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the General Belongingness Scale in students. This applied study was adopted a psychometric design and its statistical population consisted of the students of the Birjand University in for the 2017-18the academic year1396-97. In two studies, 164 (108 girls females and 56 boysmales) and 236 (156 girls females and 80 boysmales) students of the Birjand University were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The dData were collected through using the General Belongingness Scale (GBS), The the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (Ditommaso, & [HE1] et al, 2004), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress  Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond,1995), and the Life satisfaction Test (Diener & et al,1985). The iInternal consistency, as well as the exploratory and  and confirmatory factor analyses, and the criterion, predictivefactor analysis, criterion, predictive and constructive validity was were evaluated using the SPSS.16 and AMOS.24 software. The results showed that this scale had a two-factor structure with the an explained variance explainedof 56.61%. In addition, t The second-order confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The convergent and divergent validity was confirmed in relation tofor social loneliness [HE2] and its predictive validity in relation tofor depression and life satisfaction were all confirmed. There wereas no significant differences based onin terms of age and gender. It seems that the General Belongingness Scale (GBS) has good reliability and validity in with students

Content Validity, Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of Belongingness Orientation Scale

The purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of Belongingness Orientation scale (Lavigne et al, 2011). The research method of this study was correlation and test validation. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of Birjand University (6657 girls and 5691 boys). A total of 292 people (147 women, 145 men) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Participants completed Belongingness Orientation Scale (BOS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS-IDL) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory and intergroup factor analysis, and multiple regression using SPSS.16, and Amos.20 software. Results showed that the structure of two factors that explain 54.34% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed this structure. The factor structure of the scale was invariant by gender. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and split-half coefficients. Predictive validity in relation to subjective vitality and psychological distress was confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that the belongingness orientation scale has a good validity and reliability in students and can be used as a precise instrument in this regard

The Mediating Role of Demotivation in the Correlation of Motivational Beliefs, Academic Achievement and Academic Burnout

Introduction: Since academic motivation is one of the most important factors in learners’ academic achievement, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) on demotivation, academic achievement and academic burnout in students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was performed on undergraduate students of FUM and Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2015-16 academic year. A number of 370 students were selected by convenience sampling method (220 from FUM and 150 from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences). Data gathering tools were General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Valrand’s Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Maslach academic burnout (MBI-SS) and future orientation and task value PISA 2006 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess validity. Results showed that the questionnaire has an acceptable fit. GPA was used to measure academic achievement. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Results: Results showed that future orientation (p<0.05 and t=-3.27) and task value (p<0.05 and t=-4.00) were able to predict academic demotivation in the negative direction. General self-efficacy predicted students’ academic burnout in the negative direction (p<0.05 and t=-0.23) and demotivation predicted academic achievement in the negative direction (p<0.05 and t=-2.90). Conclusion: Reinforcing motivation and motivational beliefs (future orientation, task value and self-efficacy) can enhance academic achievement and reduce the level of academic burnout

Environmental perceptions, motivational beliefs and self-regulating learning by Iranian high school students

AbstractTo examine the correlations among environmental perceptions, motivational beliefs, and self-regulating learning of Tehran high school third-year boys, a causal model was used and 685 students were selected by multistage cluster-sampling method. The motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990), Students’ Achievement Goal Orientations (Midgley, Kaplan, Middleton, Maehr, Urdan, Anderman, et al., 1998), Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Activities (Gentry, Gable, & Rizza, 2002), and Perceptions of Parents Scales (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997) were administered. Analysis showed relations among components of self-regulating learning, family environmental perceptions, perceptions of classroom activities, and motivational beliefs. Structural equating modelling indicated the proposed model was acceptable and the fit index was not significant statistically (χ2 = 123.98, GFI = .97, RSMEA = .044). All paths or structural coefficients of proposed model were significant statistically (P< .01)