Lead Mineralisation Within The Stublick Fault System At Church Burn And Wolf Hills, Haltwhistle, Northumberland

Two hitherto unreported small clusters of lead-bearing veins and associated workings at Church Burn and Wolf Hills, south of Haltwhistle, described here, add to the group of mineral deposits within the main Tyne Valley, sometimes collectively referred to as the Haydon Bridge Orefield. Long regarded as an outlying portion of the Northern Pennine Orefield, with which they share close structural and mineralogical similarities, these deposits are separated by approximately 15 km of barren ground from the nearest mineralisation in the orefield and lie adjacent to the Stublick Fault, part of the Maryport-Gilcrux-Stublick-Ninety Fathom Fault System. This major fault belt acted as a syn-sedimentary ‘hinge zone’ during Carboniferous times resulting in the accumulation of substantially greater thicknesses of Carboniferous sediments in the Northumberland-Solway Basin than on the Alston and Lake District blocks to the south. Similar base metal-barium mineralisation is common within a narrow belt along this structural line from coast to coast. It is suggested that the Church Burn and Wolf Hills mineralisation adds further weight to the hypothesis that this belt of mineralisation is both structurally and genetically related to the development of this major Carboniferous fault line. Also reported here is the first reliable record of plumbojarosite from a Pennine location

Flowering of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is reduced by long photoperiods

Mature kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) vines grown under standard orchard management were exposed to 16-h photoperiods from the longest day in summer until after leaf fall in autumn. Photoperiod extension was achieved with tungsten halogen lamps that produced 2–8 µmols m–2 s–1 photosynthetically active radiation. Long day treatments did not affect fruit dry matter or fruit weight at harvest during the growing season that the treatments were applied or during the following growing season. However, flowering was reduced by 22% during the spring following treatment application. As this reduction in flowering was not accompanied by a decrease in budbreak, the long day effect is not consistent with a delay in the onset of winter chilling. It is suggested therefore, that the observed reduction in flowering may be because of a diminution of floral evocation

The Nineteenth-Century World of Turkic Dictionaries: An Overview

The author creates a bibliographic picture of the various Turkic-language dictionaries from the eleventh to the end of the nineteenth centuries, in various languages, and describes their structure. He then focuses specifically on printed Turkic dictionaries of the nineteenth century, discussing their historical context and a statistical survey that he conducted. A number of these dictionaries have been digitized; he examines some sites where they are accessible. In the appendix is a list of the dictionaries that he found in the course of his research