Additional file 1 of Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 10.72 million women

Additional file 1: Table S1. The summary of detailed search keywords. Table S2. PRISMA checklist. Table S3. The pooled breast cancer detection rates in different subgroups of organized screening programs (China, 2010-2023). Table S4. The pooled early-stage (0–II) breast cancer detection rates in different subgroups of organized screening programs (China, 2010-2023). Table S5. The pooled proportion of early-stage (0–II) breast cancer in different subgroups of organized screening programs (China, 2010-2023). Figure S1. Forest plot of pooled breast cancer detection rate (China, 2010-2023) (A) opportunistic screening; (B) population screening. Figure S2. Forest plot of pooled early-stage (0–II) cancer detection rate (China, 2010-2023) (A) opportunistic screening; (B) population screening. Figure S3. Forest plot of pooled the proportion of early-stage (0–II) cancer (China, 2010-2023) (A) opportunistic screening; (B) organized screening

Reactive Adsorption Desulfurization on Cu/ZnO Adsorbent: Effect of ZnO Polarity Ratio on Selective Hydrogenation

The desulfurization activity and selective hydrogenation of Cu/ZnO adsorbents on the different polarity ratios of ZnO as supports was investigated in reactive adsorption desulfurization. The ZnO particles were synthesized by the hydrothermal process, and CuO/ZnO adsorbents were synthesized by incipient impregnation method. The structure and morphology of the ZnO and CuO/ZnO were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), scanning electron microscope/selected area electron diffraction (SEM/SAED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The surface area and polarity ratio of ZnO supports were controlled by the calcination temperature and concentration of P₁₂₃, respectively. More reactive activity sites were provided by the high surface area of ZnO supports, thus improving the desulfurization activity. The polarity ratio of ZnO may strongly influence the hydrogenation reactions of olefins. The selective hydrogenation increased with the value of polarity ratios

Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of new disulfides incorporating naphthalimide moiety

A series of new disulfides incorporating naphthalimide moiety were designed, synthesized and biologically evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SMMC-7721 and Hela). Most of target compounds exhibited some degrees of anticancer activities, and some compounds displayed better effects than reference drugs PX-12 and 5-FU against the tested three cancer cells. Especially, compound 7d showed the most potent antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 value of 3.19 μM. Compound 8a displayed prominent anticancer property against SMMC-7721 cell lines with IC50 value of 1.84 μM. Compound 6c possessed the most effective proliferation inhibitory activity against Hela cell lines with IC50 value of 2.14 μM. In addition, cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that most of the compounds had weak cytotoxicity to L929 cell lines.</p

Supplementary information files for: Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in low dimensional resonant nanostructures due to imperfections

Supplementary files for article: Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in low dimensional resonant nanostructures due to imperfections.Nanophononic metamaterials have broad applications in fields such as heat management, thermoelectric energy conversion, and nanoelectronics. Phonon resonance in pillared low-dimensional structures has been suggested to be a feasible approach to reduce thermal conductivity (TC). In this work, we study the effects of imperfections in pillared nanostructures based on graphene nanoribbons (GNR), using classical molecular dynamics simulations and harmonic lattice dynamics. The TC of perfect pillared GNR is only about 13% of that of pristine GNR due to the strong phonon resonant hybridization in pillared GNR. However, introducing imperfections such as vacancy defects and mass mismatch between the pillars and the base material, and alloy disorder in the pillars, can weaken the resonant hybridization and abnormally increase the TC. We show that both vacancy defects and mass mismatch can reduce the penetration of the resonant modes from the pillars into the base material, while the alloy disorder in the pillars can scatter the phonons inside them, which turns regular resonance into a random one with weaker hybridization. Our work provides useful insight into the phonon resonance mechanisms in experimentally relevant low dimensional nanostructures containing various imperfections.</div

Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in low dimensional resonant nanostructures due to imperfections

Nanophononic metamaterials have broad applications in fields such as heat management, thermoelectric energy conversion, and nanoelectronics. Phonon resonance in pillared low-dimensional structures has been suggested to be a feasible approach to reduce thermal conductivity (TC). In this work, we study the effects of imperfections in pillared nanostructures based on graphene nanoribbons (GNR), using classical molecular dynamics simulations and harmonic lattice dynamics. The TC of perfect pillared GNR is only about 13% of that of pristine GNR due to the strong phonon resonant hybridization in pillared GNR. However, introducing imperfections such as vacancy defects and mass mismatch between the pillars and the base material, and alloy disorder in the pillars, can weaken the resonant hybridization and abnormally increase the TC. We show that both vacancy defects and mass mismatch can reduce the penetration of the resonant modes from the pillars into the base material, while the alloy disorder in the pillars can scatter the phonons inside them, which turns regular resonance into a random one with weaker hybridization. Our work provides useful insight into the phonon resonance mechanisms in experimentally relevant low dimensional nanostructures containing various imperfections.</p

The overall pathway by which the activation of PAR₂ regulates cell proliferation.

<p>The overall pathway by which the activation of PAR₂ regulates cell proliferation.</p

PAR₂ regulates Cyclin D1 expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

<p>A549 cells were pretreated with actinomycin D (2 µg/ml) 30 min before challenge with PAR₂-AP (50 µM) for 24 h. (A) mRNA and (B) protein levels of Cyclin D1 were detected by real time PCR and Western Blot. siRNA targeting beta-catenin was transfected into A549 cells 24 h before treatment with PAR₂-AP. (C) mRNA and (D) protein levels of Cyclin D1 were detected by real time PCR and Western Blot, respectively.</p

Activation of PAR₂ increases cell proliferation through Cyclin D1-E2F pathway.

<p>A549 cells were treated with PAR₂ activating peptide (PAR₂-AP, 50 µM) or reverse peptide (PAR₂-RP) for 24 h. A. DNA synthesis was measured by BrdU labeling assay.B. Levels of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E mRNA were detected with PCR after treatment with or without PAR₂-AP. C. Protein level of Cyclin D1 was determined by Western blot. D. A549 cells were treated with PAR₂-AP (50 µM) 24 h after transient transfection with E2F-luciferase (1 µg/well). The data were normalized with tk-RL and shown as the percentage of the control group. E. HT29 cells were treated with PIC (proteinase inhibitor cocktail) or T9128 (trypsin inhibitor). DNA synthesis was measured by BrdU labeling assay. F. Protein (left) and mRNA (right) levels of Cyclin D1 in PAR₂ knockout cells were measured. *<i>p</i><0.05, ***<i>p</i><0.001 All data are shown as mean±SEM. N = 3–6. All experiments have been repeated at least 3 times independently.</p

Knockdown of PAR₂ blocked cell proliferation in HT29 cells.

<p>A. mRNA expression of PAR₂, trypsinogen, KLK14 was measured with regular PCR in colon cancer cell lines. B. Colonic cancer cells were pretreated with the inhibitors of trypsin (T9128 and T6522) or serine proteinases (proteinase inhibitor cocktail, PIC) and cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. C. The mRNA expression of PAR₂ in stable transfectant cells (PAR₂-1 and PAR₂-2) was measured by real time PCR. HT29 RS represents the control cells stably transfected with scrambled control RNA. Protein level of PAR₂ was measured by Western Blot and shown as insert. The effect of PAR₂ knockdown on cell proliferation was measured by (D) MTT assay and (E) colony formation in HT29 cells. F. Cells (10⁶) were injected subcutaneously into nude mice, tumor volumes were measured as indicated and tumor weights were determined at sacrifice. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 All data are shown as mean±SEM. N = 3–6. All experiments have been repeated at least 3 times independently.</p

TGF-β mediated PAR₂-related miRNA-34a expression.

<p>(A) HT-29-RS or HT-29-PAR-2 cells were treated with conditional medium from HT-29-RS cells (CM-RS) for 3 days. (B) HT-29-PAR-2 cells were treated with TGF-β (5 ng/ml) for 12 hours. (C) A549 cells were treated with TGF-β (5 ng/ml) for 6 hours. (D) Conditional medium from HT-29-RS (CM-RS) was incubated with anti-TGF β antibody and protein A/G agarose at 4°C for 2 hours. After centrifuge, the supernatant (CM-RS-anti-TGF β) was used to treat HT-29-PAR-2 cell for 3 days. After the different treatments as mentioned above, the cells were collected for the assay of miR-34a with real time PCR. *<i>p</i><0.05, **<i>p</i><0.01 All data are shown as mean±SEM. N = 4–8.</p