973 research outputs found
Increase of Residential Electricity Consumption in Urban and Rural China by Province
We have developed a projection model to investigate the inter-regional and intra-regional urban-rural characteristics of the current residential electricity demand in China. We have specifically focused on residential electricity demand pertaining to three major appliances; refrigerator, color-TVs and air-conditioners for cooling. The model integrates factors such as population and income growth, and urban-rural disparity of individual factors are also reflected. The relationship between income growth and appliance penetration is investigated and future residential electricity demand is projected for urban and rural areas of individual province. We postulated three scenarios i.e. 1) Base Line scenario 2) Rural Growth Scenario 3) Energy EfficiencySc enario by 2020 and conducted scenario analysis. The Base Line case projected that the total urban REC will approximately triple and the total rural REC will almost five times by 2020. The expected population growth and falling household membership will increase urban REC, whereas the penetration increase is the main driving force for rural REC growth. The Rural Growth Scenario resulted in the largest total REC among all Scenarios, suggesting rural growth plays a key role in determining the future REC in China.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Long-distance communication transportation system of Toyotomi government during the invasion of the first time to Korea
For Toyotomi government to do communication between Hizen Nagoya and Kyoto Osaka and transportation quickly at the first time of invasion of Korea, a land route and a seaway were maintained and a system of long-distance communication and transportation was built.
I described this institutional purpose, the reality and the influence which gave it to several daimyos by analyzing much history material about this system and considering the process until it's legislated, the modal contents and the actual practical use situation deeply
Statistical properties of superflares on solar-type stars based on 1-min cadence data
We searched for superflares on solar-type stars using Kepler data with 1 min
sampling in order to detect superflares with short duration. We found 187
superflares on 23 solar-type stars whose bolometric energy ranges from the
order of erg to erg. Some superflares show multiple peaks
with the peak separation of the order of - seconds which is
comparable to the periods of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar
flares. Using these new data combined with the results from the data with 30
min sampling, we found the occurrence frequency () of superflares as a
function of flare energy () shows the power-law distribution () with for erg which is
consistent with the previous results. The average occurrence rate of
superflares with the energy of erg which is equivalent to X100 solar
flares is about once in 500-600 years. The upper limit of energy released by
superflares is basically comparable to a fraction of the magnetic energy stored
near starspots which is estimated from the photometry. We also found that the
duration of superflares () increases with the flare energy () as . This can be explained if we assume the time-scale of
flares is determined by the Alfvn time.Comment: Accepted for for publication in Earth, Planets and Spac
MPC Builder for Autonomous Drive: Automatic Generation of MPCs for Motion Planning and Control
This study presents a new framework for vehicle motion planning and control
based on the automatic generation of model predictive controllers (MPCs) named
MPC Builder. In this framework, several components necessary for MPC, such as
prediction models, constraints, and cost functions, are prepared in advance.
The MPC Builder then generates various MPCs online in a unified manner
according to traffic situations. This scheme enabled us to represent various
driving tasks with less design effort than typical switched MPC systems. The
proposed framework was implemented considering the continuation/generalized
minimum residual (C/GMRES) method optimization solver, which can reduce
computational costs. Finally, numerical experiments on multiple driving
scenarios were presented.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
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