Effect of Liraglutide on Type B Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Insulin Allergy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Report

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Clinical characteristics of the participants with CKD stages G1–G3.

<p>BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; S-P, serum phosphate; U-P, 24-h urinary excretion of phosphate; S-Ca, serum calcium; 25OH vitD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; U-albumin, urinary albumin.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Eicosapentaenoic acid shows anti-inflammatory effect via GPR120 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese mice

Efficacy of siRNA for GPR120 (a) and GPR120 protein expression analysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (CTR, eicosapentaenoic acid 6h, palmitate 24h exposure) and preadipocytes by western bot (b). Figure S2. Liver histological analysis by HE staining and MAC-2 staining (×100). Red arrows indicated hepatic CLS formation. Figure S3. EPA supplementation-induced beige-like marker in epididymal adipose tissue. mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR domain containing (PRDM) 16 was evaluated in each diet groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. Figure S4. Cholesterol and triglyceride profile by HPLC. Lipid fraction of chow diet (a), high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet (b), and HFHS diet + eicosapentaenoic acid (c). The blue line represents triglyceride and pink line represents cholesterol contents. The LDL peak was found in HFHS diet plasma (b). VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; FG, free glycerol. Method of this analysis is described in the following supplementary method. Table S1. Taq Man® Gene Expression ID information. Table S2. Analysis of plasma lipoproteins by HPLC. (PDF 497 kb

Comparisons of serum FGF23 (pg/mL).

<p>(<b>A</b>) and Nephron index (<b>B</b>) in chronic kidney disease stages G1, G2, and G3 in diabetic patients. *<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. G1, **<i>p</i> < 0.01 vs. G1, #<i>p</i> < 0.01 vs. G2, <i>p</i> < 0.01 by post hoc analysis (Holm test) after Kruskal-Wallis test (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p

Simple regression analyses of serum P.

<p>(<b>A</b>), Ln intact PTH (<b>B</b>), Ln FGF23 (<b>C</b>), and Ln Nephron index (<b>D</b>) with eGFR in diabetic patients. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; Ln, logarithmic value.</p

Different clinical parameters for hemodialysis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

<p>Different clinical parameters for hemodialysis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.</p

Correlation between hemodialysis duration and rSO₂.

<p>Correlation between hemodialysis duration and rSO₂.</p

Patients Characteristics and the correlation between cerebral rSO₂ and clinical parameters.

<p>Patients Characteristics and the correlation between cerebral rSO₂ and clinical parameters.</p

Comparison of cerebral rSO₂ in hemodialysis patients (HD) with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

<p>* < 0.05 at HD patients with DM vs. those without DM.</p

Multivariate linear regression analysis: Independent factors of cerebral rSO₂ in hemodialysis patients.

<p>Multivariate linear regression analysis: Independent factors of cerebral rSO₂ in hemodialysis patients.</p