Efficient generation of an oxidopyrylium ylide using a Pd catalyst and its [5+2] cycloadditions with several dipolarophiles

An efficient method for the generation of an oxidopyrylium ylide from 6-acetoxy-6-acetoxymethyl-2H-pyran-3(6H)-one using a Pd catalyst and [5+2] cycloadditions of the resulting ylide are described. Among substituted styrene derivatives as dipolarophiles, electron-rich styrenes showed higher yield (up to 80%). The [5+2] cycloaddition reactions can also be applied to exo-methylene cyclic compounds, and an improved method for the synthesis of polygalolide intermediate has been demonstrated.ArticleCHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS.54(9):1109-1112(2018)journal articl

Measurement of Local Plastic Deformation in Aluminum Alloy by Means of X-ray 3D Imaging Technique

AbstractTo understand the local deformation behavior is very important for improvement of deformability in aluminum alloys which possess poor deformation limit in comparison with steels. However, measurement of local deformation in the interior of metal is not sufficiently carried out. In this study, the development of local plastic strain is measured by means of X-ray 3D imaging technique, i.e. high-resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography. The marker tracking method, which is based on 3D image processing in volumetric image, is developed for obtaining local strains in 3D. Deformation behaviour is particularly different in individual grains. It was found that grains with different orientations deform maintaining harmony by shear deformation

Numerical simulation of hydrogen entering a second phase particle in aluminum

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Time-delayed collective flow diffusion models for inferring latent people flow from aggregated data at limited locations

The rapid adoption of wireless sensor devices has made it easier to record location information of people in a variety of spaces (e.g., exhibition halls). Location information is often aggregated due to privacy and/or cost concerns. The aggregated data we use as input consist of the numbers of incoming and outgoing people at each location and at each time step. Since the aggregated data lack tracking information of individuals, determining the flow of people between locations is not straightforward. In this article, we address the problem of inferring latent people flows, that is, transition populations between locations, from just aggregated population data gathered from observed locations. Existing models assume that everyone is always in one of the observed locations at every time step; this, however, is an unrealistic assumption, because we do not always have a large enough number of sensor devices to cover the large-scale spaces targeted. To overcome this drawback, we propose a probabilistic model with flow conservation constraints that incorporate travel duration distributions between observed locations. To handle noisy settings, we adopt noisy observation models for the numbers of incoming and outgoing people, where the noise is regarded as a factor that may disturb flow conservation, e.g., people may appear in or disappear from the predefined space of interest. We develop an approximate expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that simultaneously estimates transition populations and model parameters. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model on real-world datasets of pedestrian data in exhibition halls, bike trip data and taxi trip data in New York City

Living Will Interest and Preferred End-of-life Care and Death Locations among Japanese Adults 50 and over: A Population-based Survey

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between Japanese individualsʼ interest in living wills and their preferred end-of-life care and death locations. Questionnaires were mailed to 1,000 individuals aged ｧ50 to measure these 2 factors. We examined the associations between the respondentsʼ characteristics and their preferred care and death locations by using multinomial logistic regression models. The response rate was 74%. Home was the most frequently preferred place for end-of-life care (64%), and a palliative care unit (PCU) was the most commonly preferred place to die (51%). Living will interest was associated with a preference for care (odds ratio [OR] 4.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95-12.1) and death (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.70-4.47) in a PCU rather than a hospital, but it was not associated with the choice between receiving care or dying at home instead of a hospital. We must consider why Japanese people think home death is impracticable. The Japanese palliative care system should be expanded to meet patientsʼ end-of-life needs, and this includes not only facilitating home care but also increasing access to PCU care