20 research outputs found
Optically Distinguishable Electronic Spin-isomers of a Stable Organic Diradical
Herein, we introduce a model of electronic
spin isomers, the electronic
counterpart of nuclear spin isomers, by using a stable organic diradical.
The diradical, composed of two benzotriazinyl radicals connected by
a rigid triptycene skeleton, exhibits a small singlet–triplet
energy gap of −3.0 kJ/mol, indicating ca. 1:1 coexistence of
the two spin states at room temperature. The diradical shows characteristic
near-IR absorption bands, which are absent in the corresponding monoradical
subunit. Variable temperature measurements revealed that the absorbance
of the NIR band depends on the abundance of the singlet state, allowing
us to identify the NIR band as the singlet-specific absorption band.
It enables photoexcitation of one of the two spin states coexisting
in thermal equilibrium. Transient absorption spectroscopy disclosed
that the two spin states independently follow qualitatively different
excited-state dynamics. These results demonstrate a novel approach
to the design and study of electronic spin isomers based on organic
diradicals
Optically Distinguishable Electronic Spin-isomers of a Stable Organic Diradical
Herein, we introduce a model of electronic
spin isomers, the electronic
counterpart of nuclear spin isomers, by using a stable organic diradical.
The diradical, composed of two benzotriazinyl radicals connected by
a rigid triptycene skeleton, exhibits a small singlet–triplet
energy gap of −3.0 kJ/mol, indicating ca. 1:1 coexistence of
the two spin states at room temperature. The diradical shows characteristic
near-IR absorption bands, which are absent in the corresponding monoradical
subunit. Variable temperature measurements revealed that the absorbance
of the NIR band depends on the abundance of the singlet state, allowing
us to identify the NIR band as the singlet-specific absorption band.
It enables photoexcitation of one of the two spin states coexisting
in thermal equilibrium. Transient absorption spectroscopy disclosed
that the two spin states independently follow qualitatively different
excited-state dynamics. These results demonstrate a novel approach
to the design and study of electronic spin isomers based on organic
diradicals
Hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzo[7]helicene: Homogeneously π‑Extended Helicene as a Primary Substructure of Helically Twisted Chiral Graphenes
Helically twisted
graphenes can be considered as a promising candidate
for the nanometer-sized molecular inductors in molecular electronics
and molecular spring materials in nanomechanics. Here, we report the
synthesis of hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzoÂ[7]Âhelicene, which
represents a primary substructure of the helical graphenes. The helically
twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was synthesized by a tetrasubstituted
alkene formation using McMurry coupling followed by stepwise photocyclodehydrogenation
and aromatization reactions. The π-extended helicoid structure
with a noticeable intramolecular π–π interaction
was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. The primary
helical nanographene molecule has a small HOMO–LUMO band gap
evidenced by the absorption edge that appeared at ca. 800 nm, which
exhibits an excellent chiroptical property with a dissymmetry factor
of circular dichroism of |<i>g</i><sub>CD</sub>| = 0.016
at 680 nm. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed
the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the helical nanographene molecule,
with a lifetime of only few picoseconds in the lowest-energy excited
(S<sub>1</sub>) state
Picosecond-to-Nanosecond Dynamics of Plasmonic Nanobubbles from Pump–Probe Spectral Measurements of Aqueous Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles
The photothermal generation of nanoscale
vapor bubbles around noble
metal nanoparticles is of significant interest, not only in understanding
the underlying mechanisms responsible for photothermal effects, but
also to optimize photothermal effects in applications such as photothermal
cancer therapies. Here, we describe the dynamics in the 400–900
nm regime of the formation and evolution of nanobubbles around colloidal
gold nanoparticles using picosecond pump–probe optical measurements.
From excitations of 20–150 nm colloidal gold nanoparticles
with a 355 nm, 15 ps laser, time-dependent optical extinction signals
corresponding to nanobubble formation were recorded. The extinction
spectra associated with nanobubbles of different diameters were simulated
by considering a concentric spherical core–shell model within
the Mie theory framework. In the simulations, we assumed an increase
in particle temperature. From temporal changes in the experimental
data of transient extinctions, we estimated the temporal evolution
of the nanobubble diameter. Corrections to bubble-free temperature
effects on the transient extinction decays were applied in these experiments
by suppressing bubble formation using pressures as high as 60 MPa.
The results of this study suggest that the nanobubbles generated around
a 60 nm-diameter gold nanoparticle using a fluence of 5.2 mJ cm<sup>–2</sup> had a maximum diameter of 260 ± 40 nm, and a
lifetime of approximately 10 ns. The combination of fast transient
extinction spectral measurements and spectral simulations provides
insights into plasmonic nanobubble dynamics
Hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzo[7]helicene: Homogeneously π‑Extended Helicene as a Primary Substructure of Helically Twisted Chiral Graphenes
Helically twisted
graphenes can be considered as a promising candidate
for the nanometer-sized molecular inductors in molecular electronics
and molecular spring materials in nanomechanics. Here, we report the
synthesis of hexa-<i>peri</i>-hexabenzoÂ[7]Âhelicene, which
represents a primary substructure of the helical graphenes. The helically
twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was synthesized by a tetrasubstituted
alkene formation using McMurry coupling followed by stepwise photocyclodehydrogenation
and aromatization reactions. The π-extended helicoid structure
with a noticeable intramolecular π–π interaction
was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. The primary
helical nanographene molecule has a small HOMO–LUMO band gap
evidenced by the absorption edge that appeared at ca. 800 nm, which
exhibits an excellent chiroptical property with a dissymmetry factor
of circular dichroism of |<i>g</i><sub>CD</sub>| = 0.016
at 680 nm. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed
the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the helical nanographene molecule,
with a lifetime of only few picoseconds in the lowest-energy excited
(S<sub>1</sub>) state
Sub-100 fs Charge Separation and Subsequent Diffusive Solvation Observed for Asymmetric Bianthryl Derivative in Ionic Liquid
Femtosecond transient absorption
(TA) and picosecond time-resolved
fluorescence (TRF) spectroscopies were applied to the charge separation
(CS) dynamics of 10-cyano-9,9′-bianthryl (CBA) in a normal
polar solvent, acetonitrile (Acn), and in a highly viscous room temperature
ionic liquid (IL), <i>N,N</i>-diethyl-<i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-(methoxyethyl)Âammonium tetrafluoroborate
(DemeBF<sub>4</sub>). The primary CS took place within the ultrafast
sub-100 fs time range in both solvents, which was completely independent
of diffusive solvation. Subsequent viscosity-dependent spectral evolution
was observed by the TA measurement in the picosecond range which was
ascribed to the structural relaxation. A red shift of the TRF spectrum
in the picosecond to nanosecond range was observed in DemeBF<sub>4</sub> which was due to the diffusive solvation in the CS state. Interestingly,
integrated fluorescence intensity decayed more rapidly than TA in
the IL, while they decayed simultaneously in Acn. It was concluded
that diffusive solvation decreases the radiative transition rate of
the CS state through the temporal evolution of the CS state electronic
structure
Controlled Spontaneous Emission of Single Molecules in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Band Gap
We have established a new platform to control the rate
of spontaneous
emission (SE) of organic molecules in the visible-light region using
a combination of a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) slab
made of TiO<sub>2</sub> and a single-molecule measurement method.
The SE from single molecules of a perylenediimide derivative was effectively
inhibited via a radiation field controlled by the 2D PC slab, which
has a photonic band gap (PBG) for transverse-electric (TE)-polarized
light. The fluorescence lifetimes of the single molecules were extended
up to 5.5 times (28.6 ns) by the PBG effect. This result appears to
be the first demonstration of drastic lifetime elongation for single
molecules due to a PBG effect
Stepwise Two-Photon-Induced Fast Photoswitching via Electron Transfer in Higher Excited States of Photochromic Imidazole Dimer
Stepwise two-photon
excitations have been attracting much interest
because of their much lower power thresholds compared with simultaneous
two-photon processes and because some stepwise two-photon processes
can be initiated by a weak incoherent excitation light source. Here
we apply stepwise two-photon optical processes to the photochromic
bridged imidazole dimer, whose solution instantly changes color upon
UV irradiation and quickly reverts to the initial color thermally
at room temperature. We synthesized a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP)-substituted
bridged imidazole dimer, and wide ranges of time-resolved spectroscopic
studies revealed that a ZnTPP-linked bridged imidazole dimer shows
efficient visible stepwise two-photon-induced photochromic reactions
upon excitation at the porphyrin moiety. The fast photoswitching property
combined with stepwise two-photon processes is important not only
for the potential for novel photochromic materials that are sensitive
to the incident light intensity but also for fundamental photochemistry
using higher excited states
Switching of Radiation Force on Optically Trapped Microparticles through Photochromic Reactions of Pyranoquinazoline Derivatives
Photocontrol of mechanical motions
of small objects has attracted
much attention to develop mesoscopic remote actuators. For this purpose,
photoinduced morphological changes of molecules, molecular aggregates,
and crystals have been extensively studied in the field of chemistry
and materials science. Here, we propose direct use of momenta of light
(i.e. radiation force) to control the motion of small objects, through
photochromic reactions of pyranoquinazoline (PQ) derivatives. PQ is
colorless in visible wavelength region while it is in closed form
and undergoes photochemical ring-opening reactions to form colored
isomers upon UV light irradiation; the open-ring isomers return to
the colorless closed isomers mainly through the thermal back reaction.
In the experiment, individual polymer microparticles with diameters
of 7 μm incorporating PQ were trapped by optical tweezers. When
the trapped microparticle was irradiated with UV light, the microparticle
was pushed along the axis of light propagation about a few micrometers
by absorption force arising from PQ in colored form. In addition,
we found that dynamics of trapped microparticles was regulated by
the thermal back reaction of PQ. The present results demonstrate that
diversity of photochromic reactions can be transcribed into mesoscopic
motions through the momentum exchange between light and molecules
Cycloreversion Reaction of a Diarylethene Derivative at Higher Excited States Attained by Two-Color, Two-Photon Femtosecond Pulsed Excitation
Two-color, two-pulse
femtosecond pulsed excitation was applied
to the elucidation of the dynamics and mechanism of cycloreversion
reaction of a diarylethene derivative in the higher excited states.
Transient absorption spectroscopy under one-photon visible excitation
revealed that the 1B state produced by the excitation undergoes the
internal conversion into the 2A state with a time constant of 200
fs. Geometrical rearrangement of the 2A state takes place concomitantly
with the vibrational cooling with a time constant of 3 ps. The resultant
2A state undergoes the transition into the conical intersection point
in competition with nonradiative as well as radiative deactivation
into the ground state with a time constant of 12 ps. The second pulse
excitation of the 2A state, especially the geometrically relaxed 2A
state, led to the significant enhancement of the cycloreversion reaction
through the large reaction quantum yield of ca. 50–90% in the
higher excited state (S<sub><i>n</i></sub> state), while
the excitation of the 1B state, leading to the S<sub><i>n</i></sub>′ state, did not induce such enhancement. By integrating
with the excitation wavelength dependence of the second pump laser
pulse, we discussed the chemical reactivity of diarylethene derivatives
in terms of the symmetry of the electronic states