ISCの振幅データ解析による全マントル減衰トモグラフィー

本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第7986号理博第2121号新制||理||1131(附属図書館)UT51-99-S276京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻(主査)教授 安藤 雅孝, 教授 竹本 修三, 教授 尾池 和夫学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Bingham fluid simulations using a physically consistent particle method

The Bingham fluid simulation model was constructed and validated using a physically consistent particle method, i.e., the Moving Particle Hydrodynamics (MPH) method. When a discrete particle system satisfies the fundamental laws of physics, the method is asserted as physically consistent. Since Bingham fluids sometimes show solid-like behaviors, linear and angular momentum conservation is especially important. These features are naturally satisfied in the MPH method. To model the Bingham feature, the viscosity of the fluid was varied to express the stress-strain rate relation. Since the solid-like part, where the stress does not exceed the yield stress, was modeled with very large viscosity, the implicit velocity calculation was introduced so as to avoid the restriction of the time step width with respect to the diffusion number. As a result, the present model could express the stopping and solid-like behaviors, which are characteristics of Bingham fluids. The proposed method was verified and validated, and its capability was demonstrated through calculations of the two-dimensional Poiseuille flow of a Bingham plastic fluid and the three-dimensional dam-break flow of a Bingham pseudoplastic fluid by comparing those computed results to theory and experiment

Development and evaluation of a rapid and simple diagnostic assay for COVID-19 based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic novel coronavirus that has caused a worldwide outbreak.Here we describe a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay that uses a portable device for efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2. This RT-LAMP assay specifically detected SARS-CoV-2 without cross-reacting with the most closely related human coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Clinical evaluation of nasal swab samples from suspected SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19) patients showed that the assay could detect over 23.7 copies within 15 min with a 100% probability. Since the RT-LAMP assay can be performed with a portable battery-supported device, it is a rapid, simple, and sensitive diagnostic assay for COVID-19 that can be available at point-of-care. We also developed the RT-LAMP assay without the RNA extraction step-Direct RT-LAMP, which could detect more than 1.43 x 103 copies within 15 min with a 100% probability in clinical evaluation test. Although the Direct RT-LAMP assay was less sensitive than the standard RT-LAMP, the Direct RT-LAMP assay can be available as the rapid first screening of COVID-19 in poorly equipped areas, such as rural areas in developing countries

ダイガク キョウイン ノ ガクシキ ヲ マナブ プレ FD プログラム ノ ヒョウカ オオサカ ダイガク ミライ ノ ダイガク キョウイン ヨウセイ プログラム ダイガク ジュギョウ カイハツ ロン３ ヲ ジレイ ニ

本稿では，将来大学教員を目指す大学院生が，大学教員の学識を学ぶためのプレFDプログラムである「大学授業開発論Ⅲ」の評価を行うことが目的である．本授業では，大学院生が将来大学教員になった際，自分自身で授業を分析，改善していける能力を身につけるために，1）教育・研究・社会貢献の抱負の作成，2）教育・研究・社会貢献の領域の統合，3）教育実践研究の計画作成を実施した．調査結果から，履修生はいずれの年度においても，高い満足感を持っており，それぞれの学習活動において到達目標に掲げられた能力は概ね習得したと実感していることが明らかになった．教育・研究・社会貢献の抱負の作成と統合の活動は，回顧的な意味付け，新たな観点の習得，そして大学教授職のキャリアへの接続という気づきをもたらした．また，教育実践研究の計画作成は，教育経験とその成果に関連があり，自分自身の学問分野と教育実践研究の関連性のきづきや，自らの業績にプラスになると考えていることが確認された．The purpose of this paper is to design, practice, and assessment “Course Design and Teaching III,” a Preparing Future Faculty Program to learning university faculty’s scholarship for graduate students who aspire to become future university faculty and also those who aim to become faculty members who will continuously contribute in improving education system. The subject of this study, “Course Design and Teaching”, is one of the courses in the Osaka University Future Faculty Program established in 2015. In this course, we design and practice the following activities to enable the students to improve their own teaching when they become faculty members in the future: 1. Creating goals for education, research, and social contribution. 2. Designing and implementing the integration of different areas in education, research and social contribution. 3. Creating plans for educational practice research. Our data has confirmed that students from each year starting from 2015 have expressed their satisfaction in the program and they also felt that they have achieved their learning goals in every learning activity. The activities of creating and integrating goals for teaching, research, and social contribution led to the realization of retrospective meaning making, acquisition of new perspectives, and connection to career. The planning of educational practice research was positively associated with the impact on one's own practice, relevance to research, and discipline characteristics, and negatively associated with lack of conceptual understanding and time limitations.教育実践レポー

Impact of Gender on In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Nagasaki

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death in Japan. Immediate reperfusion therapy, includingcoronary intervention, improves patient prognosis. Despite this, females are said to be more prone to poor prognosis. A regional AMI registry in Nagasaki prefecture has been instituted recently that will evaluate whether female gender might predict short-term in-hospital death. Seventeen regional AMI centers enrolled all AMI patients from September 2014 through March 2016. A propensity score (PS) was derived using logistic regression to model the probability of females as a total function of the potential confounding covariates. Two types of PS techniques were used: PS matching and PS stratification. The consistency of in-hospital death was determined between PS matched patients of both genders. Based on PS, patients were ranked and stratified into five groups for the PS stratification. Out of 996 patients, 67 (6.7%) died during hospitalization: 31 (10.4%) out of 298 females and 36 (5.2%) out of 698 males (p < 0.0025). The proportion of cardiac and non-cardiac related death was almost same between genders (25 and 6 in female, 29 and 7 in male, respectively). Among 196 PS matched patients, there was a consistency between genders regarding in-hospital deaths (McNemar test, p = 0.6698). The 717 propensity scored patients had no significant differences between genders among propensity quintiles (Cochran-Mantel-Heanszel test, p = 0.7117). We found that gender alone is not an indicator of short-term in-hospital death in acute myocardial infarction patients

An intraplate earthquake that occured near Syowa Station, East Antarctica

An intraplate earthquake with m_b 4.6 occurred offshore of the Prince Olav Coast, East Antarctica on September 25, 1996. This earthquake was the biggest and the first one to be located within 500km of Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) in the past four decades since seismic observations started under the IGY in 1957. The event was recorded by the broadband seismometers at Syowa Station and Mawson Station (67.6°S, 62.9°E), Antarctica. The moment tensor solution of this event was determined using the waveform inversion technique. The source mechanism indicates north-south compressional strike-slip faulting wih little dip-slip component. A straightforward grid search was applied to the data to evaluate the uniqueness of the solution. The minimum error was obtained for close strike, dip and rake angles that obtained in the inversion, so it can be said that the inversion result is suitable. The earthquake occurred on the gravitational lineament regarded as a fracture zone with NW-SE linear trend. The resultant mechanism has a faulting plane with a strike parallel to the fracture zone. Thus, this earthquake might be a fracturing along the pre-existed lineament inside the Antarctic plate

Field seismic observations by portable broadband seismometers in the Luetzow-Holm Bay region, East Antarctica

Field seismological observations were carried out at five points around the Lutzow-Holm Bay region in East Antarctica to clarify the heterogeneous structure of the crust and the upper mantle during the 37th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-37) and JARE-38 in 1996-97. The seismological recording system is composed of a portable broadband seismometer, a recording unit with MO disk drive and a solar power battery supply. Expect for power supply trouble, the observations went well and waveforms of some teleseismic events were recorded. Based on spectral analysis, the spectrum amplitude of the field observation data is very large at frequency higher than about 0.5Hz. On the other hand, the amplitude is almost the same as that at Syowa Station at frequencies from about 5mHz to 0.5Hz. These data are of good enough quality to be used for various waveform analyses by applying suitable band pass filters

ヒガシ ナンキョク リュツォ・ホルムワン チイキ ニ オケル カハンガタ コウタイイキ ジシンケイ ヲ モチイタ ヤガイ ジシン カンソク

第37次および第38次日本南極地域観測隊(1996-1997年)により, 東南極リュツォ・ホルム湾域の5カ所において野外地震観測が行われた。地震観測システムは可搬型広帯域地震計, 光磁気ディスクによる記録計および太陽電池による電源供給装置からなる。電源供給装置のトラブルがあった他は観測は順調に行われ, いくつかの遠地地震が観測された。周波数解析から, これら野外観測のデータは0.5Hzより高周波側で振幅が非常に大きい事が確認された。一方, 5mHzから0.5Hzの範囲では昭和基地での記録とほぼ同じレベルであり, 適切なフィルター処理をすることにより, これら野外観測のデータが様々な波形解析に活用でき得る事がわかった。Field seismological observations were carried out at five points around the Lutzow-Holm Bay region in East Antarctica to clarify the heterogeneous structure of the crust and the upper mantle during the 37th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-37) and JARE-38 in 1996-97. The seismological recording system is composed of a portable broadband seismometer, a recording unit with MO disk drive and a solar power battery supply. Expect for power supply trouble, the observations went well and waveforms of some teleseismic events were recorded. Based on spectral analysis, the spectrum amplitude of the field observation data is very large at frequency higher than about 0.5Hz. On the other hand, the amplitude is almost the same as that at Syowa Station at frequencies from about 5mHz to 0.5Hz. These data are of good enough quality to be used for various waveform analyses by applying suitable band pass filters