ガラクトシダーゼ触媒蛍光増幅法(GAFAM)：新規の蛍光発生ベータガラクトシダーゼ基質を利用した高感度蛍光免疫組織化学とそのマルチプレックス免疫染色法への応用

京都大学新制・論文博士博士(人間健康科学)乙第13562号論人健博第12号新制||人健||8(附属図書館)(主査)教授 高桑 徹也, 教授 藤井 康友, 教授 長尾 美紀学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Human Health SciencesKyoto UniversityDFA

A possible case of maculopapular eruption associated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Tomiyasu et al. report a possible case of maculopapular eruption associated with G/P treatment. Based upon the clinical course and histological analysis, the present case may be mediated by allergic mechanism. Since G/P treatment is widely used because of its efficacy and safety, clinical dermatologists should be aware that G/P may cause cutaneous drug eruption mediated by allergic responses

Probing Symmetry-Breaking Pattern Using Sfermion Masses

We study the mass spectrum of superparticles within supersymmetric grand unified models. For gaugino masses, it is pointed out that the GUT-relation in the $SU(5)$ model is applicable to a more general case where a grand-unified gauge group breaks down to the standard model gauge group by several steps. We also show that the mass spectrum of squarks and sleptons carries the information on the breaking pattern of the gauge symmetry. It is demonstrated in some $SO(10)$ models how the scalar mass spectrum distinguishes various $SO(10)$ breaking patterns from each other.Comment: LaTeX file, 11 pages, 5 PostScript figures, appended in uuencoded format. Tohoku University preprint TU-439, June 1993, final version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.

A comparison of the usefulness of nuclear beta‐catenin in the diagnosis of desmoid‐type fibromatosis among commonly used anti‐beta‐catenin antibodies

Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF) is a locally aggressive but non-metastatic (myo)fibroblastic neoplasm. A hallmark of the tumor is nuclear positivity for beta-catenin in immunohistochemistry due mostly to CTNNB1 mutations. However, a recent study has reported that even beta-catenin ‘nuclear-negative’ DFs can harbor CTNNB1 mutations and that the positive ratio of nuclear beta-catenin in DF is different among antibodies. Here, we reviewed soft tissue lesions for which the possibility of DF was considered and compared the sensitivity and specificity of nuclear beta-catenin for the diagnosis of DF among commonly used anti-beta-catenin antibodies, i.e., clone beta-catenin 1, 17C2 and 14. We analyzed 26 cases of DF, 28 cases of benign fibroblastic lesions, and 27 cases of other soft tissue tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of nuclear beta-catenin for the diagnosis of DF were different among antibodies; 54% and 98% in clone beta-catenin 1, 85% and 84% in 17C2, and 96% and 62% in 14. IHC of LEF1 showed comparable results with IHC of beta-catenin, with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 76%. Additionally, when beta-catenin 1 was used, DFs showed characteristic dotted cytoplasmic staining, often appearing as rings. Our results might be helpful for making a correct diagnosis of DF

Chlorogenic and caffeic acid supplementation during sperm freezing

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) are potent antioxidants that are mostly found in coffee beans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CGA and CA supplementation during semen freezing on the quality of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa. The antioxidants CGA and CA were added to a semen extender to achieve final concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM. Supplementation of 100 µM CGA and CA yielded a significantly higher percentage of sperm viability (increased by 8 - 10%) and plasma membrane integrity (increased by 4 - 6%) than the control groups without the antioxidants at 0 h and 3 h after thawing (P < 0.05). At a concentration of 100 µM, CGA and CA also yielded beneficial effects on total and progressive sperm motility. Increases of CGA and CA concentrations to more than 200 µM did not enhance any sperm quality parameters. When the sperm penetrability and oocyte development by spermatozoa frozen with CGA and CA were evaluated, CGA and CA supplementations had no positive effects on the percentages of total fertilization, monospermic fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation. In conclusion, the supplementation of 100 µM CGA and CA during sperm freezing improved certain sperm parameters including motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity

Electroporation conditions and embryonic development

This study was conducted to determine suitable conditions for an experimental method in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system is introduced into in vitro-produced porcine zygotes by electroporation. In the first experiment, when putative zygotes derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) were electroporated by either unipolar or bipolar pulses, keeping the voltage, pulse duration, and pulse number fixed at 30 V/mm, 1 msec, and five repeats, respectively, the rate of blastocyst formation from zygotes electroporated by bipolar pulses decreased compared to zygotes electroporated by unipolar pulses. In the second experiment, the putative zygotes were electroporated by electroporation voltages ranging from 20 V/mm – 40 V/mm with five 1-msec unipolar pulses. The rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation of zygotes electroporated at 40 V/mm was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of zygotes electroporated at less than 30 V/mm. Moreover, the apoptotic nuclei indices of blastocysts derived from zygotes electroporated by voltages greater than 30 V/mm significantly increased compared with those from zygotes electroporated by voltages less than 25 V/mm (p < 0.05). When zygotes were electroporated with Cas9 mRNA and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting site in the FGF10 exon 3, the proportions of blastocysts with targeted genomic sequences were 7.7% (2/26) and 3.6% (1/28) in the embryos derived from zygotes electroporated at 25 V/mm and 30 V/mm, respectively. Our results indicate that electroporation at 25 V/mm may be an acceptable condition for introducing Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA into pig IVF zygotes under which the viability of the embryos is not significantly affected

エチオピア北部中高地のアファール牧畜民の食料摂取

The purpose of this paper is to 1) understand the state and characteristics of the current dietary intake of Afar pastoralists living in the lower highland of northern Ethiopia at altitude 1,000-2,000 meters, 2) discuss their pastoralist subsistence strategy from the perspective of dietary intake, and 3) discuss how the social and economic changes are affecting their dietary intake and pastoralist subsistence strategy. Some of the characteristics of the dietary intake pattern include: 1) tendency to drink raw camel milk for breakfast, 2) heavy use of flour in cooking, 3) the key ingredients in their diet are flour, raw milk, sour milk, and butter oil, 4) lack of or very little use of meat or vegetables in their everyday diet, 5) diversification of meal contents in the recent years, and 6) sharing of meals with relatives and friends. The characteristics of their nutritional intake can summarized as follows: 1) about 70% of the caloric intake come from externally-supplied ingredients like flour, 2) food they can supply themselves consists mainly of raw milk and milk products; majority of the fat and protein in their diet come from raw milk and butter oil, and 3) even though their diet is largely based on just flour, raw milk, and milk products, the pastoralists get sufficient amount of calories, protein and fat. The study of the Afar agro-pastoralists and nomads showed that the main purpose of raising livestock is not to slaughter them for meat, but to keep them alive for their production of raw milk and milk products for personal consumption. This is the essence of pastoralist subsistence. In the 1960s before a periodic market started in a local village, their diet was approximately 80% reliant on raw milk and milk products. Today, they have become very reliant on food they purchase from outside sources, as distribution of goods increased and large quantities of food became available in the outlying market. The social and economic changes, such as development of distribution and economic liberalization have changed pastoralist subsistence from one that was fairly self-sufficient by keeping livestock alive and raising them for milk production to one that is heavily reliant on various foods purchased from outside sources and uses livestock more as trade commodity.本稿の目的は，エチオピア北部中高地のアファール牧畜民を対象に，1）アファール牧畜民の現在の食糧摂取のあり方とその特徴を把握し，2）食料摂取の視座から牧畜の生業戦略を考察し，3）社会・経済の変化が食料摂取や牧畜の生業戦略にどのような影響を及ぼしているかについて考察することにある．食糧摂取パターンの特徴は，1）朝にラクダの生乳を摂取する傾向にあること，2）コムギ粉を用いた料理が多用され，3）コムギ，生乳，酸乳，バターオイルが重要な食材となっており，4）肉と野菜は日常では全く，もしくは，ほとんど利用しておらず，5）近年では食事内容が多様化し，6）食事は親戚や友人と共食することが常であることである．栄養摂取量の特徴は，1）エネルギー摂取量的に約70 %が外部から供給されたコムギ粉などの食料であり，2）自給した食料のほとんどは生乳・乳製品によっており，特に脂肪とタンパク質の半分ほどが生乳とバターオイルから供給され，3）コムギ粉と生乳・乳製品に大きく依存した食体系ではあるが，必要なエネルギー量，タンパク質と脂肪は充足しているとまとめることができる．アファールの農牧民や遊牧民の事例は，家畜を飼養する目的が，家畜を殺して，肉を食べることにではなく，家畜を生かし留めて乳を得て，生乳・乳製品を摂取することにあることを示している．牧畜という生業の本質がここにある．以前は，乳・乳製品への食料依存度は80％ほどであった．今日，流通が盛んになり，近郊の市場で大量の食料品が販売されるようになって，外部からの購入食料に大きく依存するように変化してしまった．流通整備と経済の自由化という社会・経済の変化が，家畜を屠殺せず，生かし留めながら，その乳を利用し，必要最小限を外部社会に依存する牧畜から，家畜は交換材としての傾向を強め，多品目の外部購入食料へと大きく依存する生業構造へと変化させてきている

Orbital apex syndrome associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus

We report our findings for a patient with orbital apex syndrome associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Our patient was initially admitted to a neighborhood hospital because of nausea and loss of appetite of 10 days’ duration. The day after hospitalization, she developed skin vesicles along the first division of the trigeminal nerve, with severe lid swelling and conjunctival injection. On suspicion of meningoencephalitis caused by varicella zoster virus, antiviral therapy with vidarabine and betamethasone was started. Seventeen days later, complete ptosis and ophthalmoplegia developed in the right eye. The light reflex in the right eye was absent and anisocoria was present, with the right pupil larger than the left. Fat-suppressed enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images showed high intensity areas in the muscle cone, cavernous sinus, and orbital optic nerve sheath. Our patient was diagnosed with orbital apex syndrome, and because of skin vesicles in the first division of the trigeminal nerve, the orbital apex syndrome was considered to be caused by herpes zoster ophthalmicus. After the patient was transferred to our hospital, prednisolone 60 mg and vidarabine antiviral therapy was started, and fever and headaches disappeared five days later. The ophthalmoplegia and optic neuritis, but not the anisocoria, gradually resolved during tapering of oral therapy. From the clinical findings and course, the cause of the orbital apex syndrome was most likely invasion of the orbital apex and cavernous sinus by the herpes virus through the trigeminal nerve ganglia