270 research outputs found
Cavity state preparation using adiabatic transfer
We show how to prepare a variety of cavity field states for multiple
cavities. The state preparation technique used is related to the method of
stimulated adiabatic Raman passage or STIRAP. The cavity modes are coupled by
atoms, making it possible to transfer an arbitrary cavity field state from one
cavity to another, and also to prepare non-trivial cavity field states. In
particular, we show how to prepare entangled states of two or more cavities,
such as an EPR state and a W state, as well as various entangled superpositions
of coherent states in different cavities, including Schrodinger cat states. The
theoretical considerations are supported by numerical simulations.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev.
The Conal representation of Quantum States and Non Trace-Preserving Quantum Operations
We represent generalized density matrices of a -complex dimensional
quantum system as a subcone of a real pointed cone of revolution in
, or indeed a Minkowskian cone in .
Generalized pure states correspond to certain future-directed light-like
vectors of . This extension of the Generalized Bloch
Sphere enables us to cater for non-trace-preserving quantum operations, and in
particluar to view the per-outcome effects of generalized measurements. We show
that these consist of the product of an orthogonal transform about the axis of
the cone of revolution and a positive real linear transform. We give detailed
formulae for the one qubit case and express the post-measurement states in
terms of the initial state vectors and measurement vectors. We apply these
results in order to find the information gain versus disturbance tradeoff in
the case of two equiprobable pure states. Thus we recover Fuchs and Peres'
formula in an elegant manner.Comment: 11 pages, revtex, v3: some typos correcte
Adiabatic following criterion, estimation of the nonadiabatic excitation fraction and quantum jumps
An accurate theory describing adiabatic following of the dark, nonabsorbing
state in the three-level system is developed. An analytical solution for the
wave function of the particle experiencing Raman excitation is found as an
expansion in terms of the time varying nonadiabatic perturbation parameter. The
solution can be presented as a sum of adiabatic and nonadiabatic parts. Both
are estimated quantitatively. It is shown that the limiting value to which the
amplitude of the nonadiabatic part tends is equal to the Fourier component of
the nonadiabatic perturbation parameter taken at the Rabi frequency of the
Raman excitation. The time scale of the variation of both parts is found. While
the adiabatic part of the solution varies slowly and follows the change of the
nonadiabatic perturbation parameter, the nonadiabatic part appears almost
instantly, revealing a jumpwise transition between the dark and bright states.
This jump happens when the nonadiabatic perturbation parameter takes its
maximum value.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRA on 28 Oct. 200
Characterizing Planetary Orbits and the Trajectories of Light
Exact analytic expressions for planetary orbits and light trajectories in the
Schwarzschild geometry are presented. A new parameter space is used to
characterize all possible planetary orbits. Different regions in this parameter
space can be associated with different characteristics of the orbits. The
boundaries for these regions are clearly defined. Observational data can be
directly associated with points in the regions. A possible extension of these
considerations with an additional parameter for the case of Kerr geometry is
briefly discussed.Comment: 49 pages total with 11 tables and 10 figure
Adiabatic population transfer in a three-level system driven by delayed laser pulses
We give a simple analytic solution that describes a novel method for population transfer in a three-level system driven by delayed pulses and which accounts for recent experimental results. This solution describes a procedure that is counter intuitive, and yet it is shown to be, in fact, one of the simplest solutions for multilevel systems arising from the adiabatic theorem. Its possible application to many-level systems is suggested
A scalable readout system for a superconducting adiabatic quantum optimization system
We have designed, fabricated and tested an XY-addressable readout system that
is specifically tailored for the reading of superconducting flux qubits in an
integrated circuit that could enable adiabatic quantum optimization. In such a
system, the flux qubits only need to be read at the end of an adiabatic
evolution when quantum mechanical tunneling has been suppressed, thus
simplifying many aspects of the readout process. The readout architecture for
an -qubit adiabatic quantum optimization system comprises hysteretic dc
SQUIDs and rf SQUID latches controlled by bias lines. The
latching elements are coupled to the qubits and the dc SQUIDs are then coupled
to the latching elements. This readout scheme provides two key advantages:
First, the latching elements provide exceptional flux sensitivity that
significantly exceeds what may be achieved by directly coupling the flux qubits
to the dc SQUIDs using a practical mutual inductance. Second, the states of the
latching elements are robust against the influence of ac currents generated by
the switching of the hysteretic dc SQUIDs, thus allowing one to interrogate the
latching elements repeatedly so as to mitigate the effects of stochastic
switching of the dc SQUIDs. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve
single qubit read error rates of with this readout scheme. We have
characterized the system-level performance of a 128-qubit readout system and
have measured a readout error probability of in the presence
of optimal latching element bias conditions.Comment: Updated for clarity, final versio
Decrypting Transition States by Light: Photoisomerization as a Mechanistic Tool in Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Despite the wide applicability of enantioselective Bronsted acid catalysis, experimental insight into transition states is Very rare, and most of the mechanistic knowledge is gained by theoretical calculations. Here, we present an alternative approach (decrypting transition state by light = DTS-hv), which enables the decryption of the transition states involved in chiral phosphoric acids catalyzed addition of nucleophiles to imines. Photoisomerization of double bonds is employed as a mechanistic tool. For this class of reactions four pathways (Type I Z, Type I E, Type II Z, Type II E) are possible, leading to different enantiomers depending on the imine configuration (E- or Z-imine) and on the nucleophilic attack site (top or bottom). We demonstrated that the imine double bond can be isomerized by light (365 nm LED) during the reaction leading to a characteristic fingerprint pattern of changes in reaction rate and enantioselectivity. This characteristic fingerprint pattern is directly correlated to the transition states involved in the transformation. Type I Z and Type II Z are demonstrated to be the competing pathways for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketimines, while in the nucleophilic addition of acetylacetone to N-Boc protected aldimines Type I E and Type II E are active. Accelerations on reaction rate up to 177% were observed for ketimines reduction. Our experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations and noncovalent interaction analysis
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