Morphology and Opportunities Agricultural Valorization: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

Morphology northeastern Montenegro in terms of agricultural valuation is not wells understood. Therefore, the paper discusses the morph metric analysis of the relief: hypsometric structure, the structure of the slope and exposure. Based on morphological characteristics of relief, we selected the observed geographic space, morphological entities with different benefits and limitations for agricultural development

Partial alignment between three translated CCEae3a sequences: Two sequences from the susceptible strain Phatthalung and Vectorbase and one from the resistant strain Nakhon Sawan 2.

<p>Grey highlight shows the amino acid changes between the resistant and susceptible populations. Catalytic triad is highlighted by the symbol<b>▾</b>.</p

Comparison of esterase activities between Phatthalung and Nakhon Sawan 2 populations.

<p>Absorbance values were measured after 4(*** P-val<0.05, Mann-Whitney).</p

Summary of the genes differentially transcribed in the comparisons Nakhon Sawan 2 Unexp and Exp vs Phatthalung.

<p>The Venn diagram shows the number of genes found significantly (P value<0.01) over- or under-transcribed (>2 fold in either direction) in one or both comparisons. Upward arrows indicate over- transcribed in Nakhon Sawan 2 compared to Phatthalung, downward represent under-transcribed.</p

Susceptibility of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> larvae from Thailand to temephos and permethrin with or without synergists.

<p>LC₅₀: Lethal concentration at which 50% of the population is killed; Resistance ratios RR_(P) are all compared to Phatthalung while RR_(NO) are compared to NO. Synergist ratios are the ratio between the LC₅₀ of the treatment without synergist and the LC₅₀ using each synergist and significant values are marked with *. The synergists used were the P450 inhibitor PBO (piperonyl butoxide, 5-((2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethoxy) methyl)-6-propyl-1,3-benzodiox-ole), the GST inhibitor DEM (diethyl maleate), and the CCE inhibitor DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate).</p

Analysis of CCEae3a 3D models.

<p>(A) CCEae3a_Nakhon Sawan (green) and CCEae3a_Phatthalung (blue) model superimposition shows no significant differences in the protein overall fold between resistant and susceptible alleles due to the polymorphic residues despite variations on the substrate binding site. (B) Close-up view of conformational differences at the substrate binding site between CCEae3a_Nakhon Sawan (green) and CCEae3a_Phatthalung (blue) revealed that F286, involved in the substrate recognition by homology with LcαE7 (orange), could be the key to explain both CCEae3a_Phatthalung and CCEae3a_vectorbase (cyan) susceptibility.</p

Significant up-regulated probes commonly found in NS2 Exp vs P and NS2 Unexp vs P.

<p>Colored probes correspond to the transcripts with fold changes 1.25 fold higher in NS 2 (exposed) vs Phatthalung compared to NS 2 (Unexposed) vs Phatthalung comparison.</p

GO term enrichment analysis conducted on transcripts found upregulated in both comparisons “NS 2 Exp vs P” and NS 2 Unexp vs P”.

<p>GO-term categories represented were found significantly enriched compared to the reference set (all transcripts present on the microarray) after a Fisher's exact (Pval<0.01) with multiple testing correction. Test set percentage indicates the percentage of up regulated genes belonging to a GO term category compared to all up-regulated genes used in the GO-term analysis while the reference set percentage indicates the percentage of a particular GO-term category compared to all genes with GO-terms on the microarray.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of The transcription factor Maf-S regulates metabolic resistance to insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Details of the genes encoding Maf-S cnc and Keap1 in An gambiae. (DOCX 37 kb

Additional file 6: Figure S4. of The transcription factor Maf-S regulates metabolic resistance to insecticides in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Anti-oxidant response element motif and corresponding presence/absence in up- and down-stream regions of Maf-S co-correlated transcripts. (a) JASPAR Core Insect motif representing the anti-oxidant- or xenobiotic- response element. (b) Presence of the motif 2000 bp up- and down-stream of Maf-S co-correlated transcripts, showing transcript ID, region of motif location and the representative motif. (PNG 78 kb