Bio-physicochemical Markers of the Aedes Aegypti Breeding Water in Endemic and Non-endemic Area

The survival of Aedes aegypti larvae is inseparable from the adequacy of food, including organic substances available in the breeding water. It is very dependent on the level of water markers such as temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, and pH. The study used quantitative observational analytic with a case-control study design. Case group has consisted of breeding water in endemic area and control group was in non-endemic area. The sample size was 43 samples for each group, collected by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney test. Larvae mostly presence in endemic area (68.3%) and mostly absent in non-endemic area (85.4%) (p-value = 0.002). Temperature in endemic area mostly in 27-30oC (86%) and non-endemic area mostly in <27oC or >30oC (72.1%) (p-value = 0.000). Salinity in endemic and non-endemic areas has no difference (p-value = 0.266). DO in endemic areas were mostly in 5.02-7.82 mg/l (76.7%). While DO in non-endemic area was mostly in <5.02 mg/l or >7.82 mg/l (95.3%) (p-value = 0.001). The pH <6 or >7.8 is mostly in non-endemic areas (87.8%) and pH 6-7.8 is mostly in endemic areas (63.4%) (p-value = 0.000). Bio-physicochemical markers of breeding sites water have differences between endemic and non-endemic area except salinity. The temperature, salinity, DO, and pH affected the presence of larvae and the most affected is DO marker. While the marker that affected the presence of larvae in the non-endemic area is pH

Improving the Eighth Gradestudents\u27ability in Writing Simple Descriptive Paragraph Through Mind Mapping Technique

This research was conducted in order to prove whether the use of mind mapping technique was effective or not to improve writing ability in descriptive paragraph of the eighth grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Rio Pakava. It used pre- experimental research design. She took class VIII C to be the sample by using purposive sampling technique. The data of the research were collected by using observation and test. The result of observation was analyzed descriptively; meanwhile the test was analyzed statistically. The test divided into two; pre-test and post- test that were given. Based on the result of pre- test and post- test, it was found that the tcountedwas 19.9 by applying 0.05 level of significance with 27 degree of freedom (df= 28-1=27), we gotttablevalue of 1.703. It shows that the tcountedvalue is higher than the ttable. It means that the use of mind mapping technique can improve the writing ability in descriptive paragraph of the eighth grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Rio Pakava

Pengaruh Permainan Scrabble terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Disleksia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan scrabble terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak disleksia. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua siswa dari Madrasah Ibtida'iyah yang memiliki kesulitan belajar membaca atau disleksia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah single-case experimental design dengan pola desain A-B-A. Alat pengumpul data yang digunakan adalah berupa tes kemampuan membaca. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis visual Conservative Dual-Criterion untuk mengetahui Perubahan dan peningkatan kemampuan membaca setelah mendapat perlakuan berupa permainan scrabble. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan kemampuan membaca yang lebih efektif pada subjek kedua dibanding subjek pertama. Subjek kedua diperoleh hasil Perubahan kemampuan membaca sebesar enam poin, sedangkan subjek pertama diperoleh hasil Perubahan kemampuan membaca sebesar tiga poin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa permainan scrabble berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak disleksia

Sifat-Sifat Tanah Yang Mempengaruhi Perkembangan Patogen Tular Tanah Pada Tanaman Tembakau

Soil Characteristics which Induce Soil-Borne Pathogens of TobaccoSoil is naturally inhibited by many types of microorganisms, either pathogenic or non pathogenic. Information about soil factors that induce the development of soil-borne pathogens on tobacco plant is still limited. This paper describes various types of soil-borne pathogens, soil factors affecting pathogens, and strategy to control them. Soil-borne pathogens cause significantly loss on tobacco yield. The loss of tobacco yield due to soil-borne pathogens is about 50% (equal to 11.1 billion rupiahs per hectare). Three most important soil-borne pathogens on tobacco are Ralstonia solanacearum, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Meloidogyne spp. They may synergistically cause more severe lost on tobacco plants. Soil factors affecting development of these pathogens are pH, temperature, and soil texture, as well as soil organic matter and soil nutrients. Two of these, i.e. organic matters and soil nutritions, are the most important factors determining development of soil-borne pathogens on tobacco plantation. Therefore, the strategy to control soil-borne pathogens is by increasing organic matters up to 22.5 tons/ha and soil nutrition such as P uptake. Both factors are effective in reducing soil-borne incidence as well as increasing tobacco yield up to 40%

Soil Amendments with Organic Matter for the Control of Hollow Stalk (Pectobacterium Carotovorum Subsp. Carotovorum) of Besuki Cigar Tobacco

Amendments of soil with organic matter have been known to provide control of soilborne pathogens and to improve soil properties as well. Four sources organic matter, viz: rice straw, neem cake, chicken, and cow manure were amended one month prior to planting in soil naturally infested by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of hollow stalk of tobacco. Soil without added organic matter served as control and seedlings treated with streptomycin sulphate was used as a comparison. This treatment was combined with one of two sources of fertilizer N viz:, urea, and CaNO3. The field experiment was conducted in North Jember arranged in randomized blocked factorial with three replicates. The chicken manure amendment gave the best control of hollow stalk with lowest disease severity (12.03%) compared to other organic matter treatments or even control (31.31%). Chicken manure also improved plant height, yield, and the quality of flue cured tobacco. All organic matter treatments increased soil microbial populations of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes. This may be related to the suppression of the pathogen and the consequent reduction of disease severity. Treatment of soil with urea or CaNO3 showed no effect on disease severity or growth or quality of tobacco

Pengaruh Dana Alokasi Umum, Dana Alokasi Khusus Dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Terhadap Belanja Langsung Di Propinsi Jawa Tengah

The object of this research was to determine the effect of General Allocation Fund, Specific Allocation Fund, and Local Governance Revenue on Central Java Province. The research method used is causal method which determine the effect of the independent variables with the dependent variable. Data analysis method used in this study is multiple regression analysis and testing ofclassical assumptions. Specific target of this study aims to determine the performance of local governments in tapping the potential revenue for the general welfare of the community through direct expenditure. The results are from hypotheses proposed in this study, there are two hypotheses are significant impact, and one is not significant impact General Allocation Fund, and Local Governance Revenue positive and significant impact on Direct Expenditure. The Specific Allocation Fund had no significant impact. Specific target of this study aims to investigate the performance of local governments and improve the financial performance of the local Governance