Time course of the affective priming paradigm.

<p>Time course of the affective priming paradigm.</p

Stimuli and conditions of the affective priming paradigm.

<p>Stimuli and conditions of the affective priming paradigm.</p

Mean reaction times in milliseconds (ms) for the conditions congruent, incongruent, euthanasia-positive, and euthanasia-negative.

<p>Error bars reflect one standard error. Note: *** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05.</p

Effects of response facilitation upon the N400 amplitude at two exemplary right fronto-lateral electrode sites (F2 and FC2) around 400 ms after target onset.

<p>The amplitude of the dashed waveform, reflecting the response to negative targets, is significantly lower than the solid waveform, reflecting the response to positive targets, when the word euthanasia acted as prime. In the upper right the scalp distribution of the difference between euthanasia-positive and euthanasia-negative between 380 to 420 ms is mapped.</p

Integration of all measures.

<p>Integration of all measures.</p

Data from: From memory to attitude: The neurocognitive process beyond euthanasia acceptance.

<p>Numerous questionnaire studies on attitudes towards euthanasia produced conflicting results, precluding any general conclusion. This might be due to the fact that human behavior can be influenced by automatically triggered attitudes, which represent ingrained associations in memory and cannot be assessed by standard questionnaires, but require indirect measures such as reaction times (RT) or electroencephalographic recording (EEG).</p> <p>Event related potentials (ERPs) of the EEG and RT during an affective priming task were assessed to investigate the impact of automatically triggered attitudes and were compared to results of an explicit questionnaire.</p> <p>Explicit attitudes were ambivalent. Reaction time data showed neither positive nor negative associations towards euthanasia. ERP analyses revealed an N400 priming effect with lower mean amplitudes when euthanasia was associated with negative words.</p> <p>The euthanasia-related modulation of the N400 component shows an integration of the euthanasia object in negatively valenced associative neural networks. The integration of all measures suggests a bottom-up process of attitude activation, where automatically triggered negative euthanasia-relevant associations can become more ambiguous with increasing time in order to regulate the bias arising from automatic processes. These data suggest that implicit measures may make an important contribution to the understanding of euthanasia-related attitudes.</p

Percentage of estimates of the body representation in dreams (n = 2,156).

<p>Percentage of estimates of the body representation in dreams (n = 2,156).</p

If-Then rules [59–64] extracted from the unpruned trees for intensity, unpleasantness and pain-related suffering in the phasic condition.

<p>If-Then rules [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0199814#pone.0199814.ref059" target="_blank">59</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0199814#pone.0199814.ref064" target="_blank">64</a>] extracted from the unpruned trees for intensity, unpleasantness and pain-related suffering in the phasic condition.</p

Summary of psychological variables and situational factors predicting intensity, unpleasantness and pain-related suffering in each condition.

<p>Summary of psychological variables and situational factors predicting intensity, unpleasantness and pain-related suffering in each condition.</p

Results for ordinal logistic regression analyses on body representation in dreams (given validity of all other item values; n = 2,112).

<p>Results for ordinal logistic regression analyses on body representation in dreams (given validity of all other item values; n = 2,112).</p