4 research outputs found
Balancing Biases and Preserving Privacy on Balanced Faces in the Wild
Demographic biases exist in current models used for facial recognition (FR).
Our Balanced Faces in the Wild (BFW) dataset is a proxy to measure bias across
ethnicity and gender subgroups, allowing one to characterize FR performances
per subgroup. We show that results are non-optimal when a single score
threshold determines whether sample pairs are genuine or imposters.
Furthermore, within subgroups, performance often varies significantly from the
global average. Thus, specific error rates only hold for populations matching
the validation data. We mitigate the imbalanced performances using a novel
domain adaptation learning scheme on the facial features extracted from
state-of-the-art neural networks, boosting the average performance. The
proposed method also preserves identity information while removing demographic
knowledge. The removal of demographic knowledge prevents potential biases from
being injected into decision-making and protects privacy since demographic
information is no longer available. We explore the proposed method and show
that subgroup classifiers can no longer learn from the features projected using
our domain adaptation scheme. For source code and data, see
https://github.com/visionjo/facerec-bias-bfw.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2102.0894
Cortical Tension Allocates the First Inner Cells of the Mammalian Embryo
Every cell in our body originates from the pluripotent inner mass of the embryo, yet it is unknown how biomechanical forces allocate inner cells in vivo. Here we discover subcellular heterogeneities in tensile forces, generated by actomyosin cortical networks, which drive apical constriction to position the first inner cells of living mouse embryos. Myosin II accumulates specifically around constricting cells, and its disruption dysregulates constriction and cell fate. Laser ablations of actomyosin networks reveal that constricting cells have higher cortical tension, generate tension anisotropies and morphological changes in adjacent regions of neighboring cells, and require their neighbors to coordinate their own changes in shape. Thus, tensile forces determine the first spatial segregation of cells during mammalian development. We propose that, unlike more cohesive tissues, the early embryo dissipates tensile forces required by constricting cells via their neighbors, thereby allowing confined cell repositioning without jeopardizing global architecture.Fil: Samarage, Chaminda R.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: White, Melanie D.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Alvarez, Yanina Daniela. Monash University; Australia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fierro González, Juan Carlos. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Henon, Yann. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Jesudason, Edwin C.. National Health Service Scotland; Reino UnidoFil: Bissiere, Stephanie. Monash University; Australia. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; SingapurFil: Fouras, Andreas. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Plachta, Nicolas. Monash University; Australia. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Singapu
Cortical Tension Allocates the First Inner Cells of the Mammalian Embryo
Every cell in our body originates from the pluripotent inner mass of the embryo, yet it is unknown how biomechanical forces allocate inner cells in vivo. Here we discover subcellular heterogeneities in tensile forces, generated by actomyosin cortical networks, which drive apical constriction to position the first inner cells of living mouse embryos. Myosin II accumulates specifically around constricting cells, and its disruption dysregulates constriction and cell fate. Laser ablations of actomyosin networks reveal that constricting cells have higher cortical tension, generate tension anisotropies and morphological changes in adjacent regions of neighboring cells, and require their neighbors to coordinate their own changes in shape. Thus, tensile forces determine the first spatial segregation of cells during mammalian development. We propose that, unlike more cohesive tissues, the early embryo dissipates tensile forces required by constricting cells via their neighbors, thereby allowing confined cell repositioning without jeopardizing global architecture.Fil: Samarage, Chaminda R.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: White, Melanie D.. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Alvarez, Yanina Daniela. Monash University; Australia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fierro González, Juan Carlos. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Henon, Yann. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Jesudason, Edwin C.. National Health Service Scotland; Reino UnidoFil: Bissiere, Stephanie. Monash University; Australia. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; SingapurFil: Fouras, Andreas. Monash University; AustraliaFil: Plachta, Nicolas. Monash University; Australia. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology; Singapu