Traffic Accident Risk Analysis by Knowledge, the Use of Traffic Lane, and Speed

Traffic accidents are a health problem in both developed and developing countries including Indonesia. Number of traffic accidents each year has increased and traffic accidents in Indonesia is considered by WHO as the third biggest killer after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. Most traffic accidents involving motorcyclists and the current junior high school students are also involved as a perpetrator of the accident. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed with the incidence of traffic accidents in junior high school students motorcyclists. Type of research is analytic observational cross-sectional study design. The study population was all junior high school students in Wonokromo Surabaya in 2015. The number of respondents in this study of 100 respondents drawn from the population by using two stage cluster random sampling. The variables studied were knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed. Results of analysis using chi square test (α = 5%) indicate that knowledge (p = 0,027; RR = 1,966), the use of traffic lane (p = 0,005; RR = 1,894) and the driving speed (p = 0,017; RR = 1,941) has a significantly relationship to the incidence of traffic accidents to junior high school students motorcyclists in Wonokromo sub-district Surabaya 2015. Especially under age children of junior high school student are encouraged to not ride a motorcycle before age sufficient and have a driver's licence. Beside that, the role of parents to prevent underage motorcyclists is needed to support the efforts of the police and schools in minimizing the number of accident to reduce the number of junir high school student involved in a motorcycle accident

Quality of Plague Surveillance System in Pasuruan Regency Year 2014 Based on Surveillance Attributes

Plague which is the zoonosis quarantine disease remains occur in Pasuruan Regency. Plague suspect was still found until year 2013. Plague surveillance that still actively conducted in Pasuruan Regency is probably the only one plague surveillance in Indonesia. Plague surveillance consist of human and rodent surveillance. Evaluation of surveillance system is needed to improve its quality, efficiency, and usefulness. This research aimed to assess the quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014 based on attributes which are simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, data quality, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The research design was evaluation study. Subjecct was plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014. Data were collected by interviews, observations, and document study. The obtained data and information were compared to the guidelines and recent theories then presented in narrations, tables, and figures. The research showed that the surveillance system was simple and flexible, lack of data quality and acceptability, unmeasurable sensitivity and predictive value positive, low representativeness and timeliness, and high stability. This research concluded that quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency based on its attributes was not good enough. The suggestion given are conduct training, supply a sufficient budgetary fund, do monitoring and evaluation periodically, disseminate information to another program and sector, also to the community, send surveillance report by e-mail, use spreadsheet software for surveillance rodent reporting, improve the report by including information about damage serum, serum less than the total of captured rodent, and report about the missing trap

Evaluation of Malaria Surveillance System in Department of Health District Sumbawa Besar

Malaria is a public health problem that can affect infant mortality, under five, pregnant women and can reduce productivity. The annual parasite incidence from 2008 antil 2011showed malaria morbidity in Sumbawa district remain high. The Purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of Malaria Surveillance System at the District Health Office Lombok Sumbawa Besar. This study used a descriptive survey method. Subjects were malaria surveillance officer in district Health office, health centers, and hospitals. Research object is a document epidemiological surveillance report of malaria in 2013. Variables of this study is the implementation of malaria surveillance system (input, process, output) and surveillance system attributes. Data obtained from interviews and observations were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the data type on input stage was not yet complete, the quantity of labor was complete but insufficient quality of human resources, facilities and sufficient funds were available. At stage of the data collection process employed W2 weekly report format and monthly report format, report formats and reporting lines were simple, completeness and monthly reports 100% W2, W2 reporting time liness was > 80% and monthly reports was > 90%, Analysis and interpretation of the data was done However the analysis of relationshif was conducted by 20% of primary health care. The resulting output is a description of endemicity areas, API and SPR are presented in tabular form, graph and maps. Dissemination of information is done in the form of reports, workshops and profiles. Feedback is done each month through coordination meeting, regular meetings and regular supervision. Surveillance evaluation system based on attributed surveillance showed its simplicity and acceptability, however sensitivity can not be assessed yet, low NPP 1.75%, report punctuality was > 80%. It is necessary the existence of expert epidemiologists (S2) and skilled epidemiologists (S1), training officer, coordination, and the role of public institutions and budgetary surveillance of malaria increased in all areas Sumbawa district health offices

Faktor Risiko Karakteristik dan Perilaku Seksual terhadap Kejadian Kanker Serviks

Cervical cancer is the major cancer disease which suffered by women in developing country, such as Indonesia and increasing rapidly everyday. The objectives of this study were to analyze the correlation between characteristic and sexual behavior and the incidence of cervical cancer. The study was an observational study which case control design. The number of cases sample were 29 women (pap smear patient who has positive cervical cancer) and control sample were 33 women (pap smear patient who has negative cervical cancer) with total population sampling which collected during March-April 2009 at RSAB Muhammadiyah Gresik. Independent variables in this study were characteristic (age, education, occupation, and family income) and sexual behavior were age of fi rst sexual intercourse, parity, multi partner sex, frequency of intercourse per week, partners circumcision, duration and type of contraceptives used, and perineal hygiene. Data were taken by questionnaire. Based on the study using coeffi cient contingency/phi cramers method, it showed that characteristic have related with cervical cancer, age related with cervical cancer was Φ = 0.083 (OR = 0.603), education was Φ 0.542 (OR lower education 74,603), occupation was Φ 0.350 (OR 18.931), and family income was Φ 0.315 (OR family income < Rp1,000,000.00 was 10.424). Sexual behavior related with cervical cancer, included age of fi rst sexual intercourse was Φ 0.183 (OR 0.592), parity was Φ 0,331 (OR 13,647), multi partner sex was Φ 0.195 (OR 4403832.3), frequency of intercourse per week was Φ 0.563, (OR 85.969), perineal hygiene with cervical cancer was Φ 0.499,(OR 38.965), partners circumcision was Φ 0.137(OR 0.000), during and type of contraceptives used was Φ 0,196 (OR 5.445). Multivariate analysis showed that frequency of intercourse ¥ 34 per week and perineal hygiene had probability 99.9% to become cervical cancer. The conclusions were multi partner sex, frequency ofintercourse ¥ 34 per week and inadequate perineal hygiene has strong correlation with cervical cancer. Health education, especially about perineal hygiene and healthy sexual behavior is one of important way to prevent cervical cancer.Key words: characteristic, sexual behavior, cervical cancer, risk facto

Identification of Sexsual Behavior and HIV Insidence on Public Transportation Driver in Sidoarjo

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that may degrade human immune system. This is resulting from interaction between agent, host, environment. Viewed from year to year, case of HIV-AIDS on all parts of world is keep increasing, therefore this disease become health problem feeling concerned about to the society, because beside the vaccine and drug for the prevention of this not yet been found, this disease not generate symptom during its natural history. The objectives of this research were to analyze high risk sexual behavior causing HIV to the drivers of public transportation in Sub-Province Sidoarjo Those were sexual couple during last month, frequency of intercourse with another during last one mont, and USAge of condom when doing intercourse with another. This was cross sectional study with the population were all drivers of public transportation who come to follow Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) examination. There were 62 respondents who came to follow it. Data collection was conducted through interview, admission filling of questionnaire and observation. The results than studied by using existing theory. The result of this research showed that any 5% of drivers with positive result of HIV, with risk behavior 22,8% doing intercourse with wife and whore, 4,8% with whore only, 62,9% of them were not use condom while doing intercourse. to reduce risk exposed to HIV, it is recommended to increase their knowledge and give motivation about contagious risk of HIV

Risk Analysis of Depression, Sleep Hygiene Level and Chronic Disease with Insomnia in Elderly

The rapid progress of development in Indonesia have an impact on increasing life expectancy thus increasing the number of elderly. Elderly is the final stage of life so often experienced various changes and disturbances, one of which is a sleep disorder or Insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia in the elderly is quite high, more than 60% but the appearance of this disorder is often overlooked. This study was conducted observational case-control study design. Research sites in the Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Jombang and performed on 40 elderly people. The study population was divided into 2, 20 people population cases and 20 people population control. The variables studied were depression, chronic disease, sleep hygiene and Insomnia. Most of the elderly suffering from Subtreshold Insomnia with Difficulty Initiating Sleep symptoms are severe. Early Morning Awakening is the least symptom experienced by the elderly. Depression (OR = 22,667), chronic disease (OR = 6.926) and sleep hygiene (OR = 11,000) showed a significant association with Insomnia. The conclusion that can be drawn is perpetuating factors (chronic disease) and precipitating (sleep hygiene) plays a role in the emergence of insomnia in the elderly. The advice given is to take action to control chronic diseases and more attention on sleep disorders experienced by the elderly. In addition, the need for action to improve and enhance sleep hygiene

The Relation of Obesity and Individual Factors with Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis represent disease at most found in the world, including in Indonesia. This disease cause pain in bone and disability at patient so disturb everyday activity. One of removed occurrence of knee Osteoarthritis was obesity. Other factors like age, gender, physical activity, and habit smoke were risk factors of knee Osteoarthritis . This research was the relationship of obesitas and individuals factors with occurrence knee osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The methods of this research was an observation with case control design. Level of sampel was 64 which consist of 32 case group and 32 control group from incomed patient to radiology unit Islamic Hospital Surabaya for X-Ray photo. The dependent variable was occurence of knee osteoarthritis . The independent variables were obesity, gender, age, physical activity, habit smoke. The instrument used was a questionnaire and form BMI measurement. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with α=0,05 and to know oods ratio (OR) used statclac. The results showed significant relationship between occurence of knee osteoartritis with obesity (p=0,001,OR=7,20), age (p=0,012,OR=3,67) , gender (p=0,005,OR=4,69). For the characteristic of habit smoke (p=0,268,OR=0,56) and physical activity (p=0.919,OR=0,71) were\u27nt associated with occurence of knee Osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The conclusion there is relationship between obesity with knee osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. Risk factor knee osteoarthritis like gender and age also there were relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis , for the risk factor of physical activity and habit smoke were\u27nt relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis

Breast Cancer Risk Analysis by the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives and Age of Menarche

The number of cases of breast cancer is increasing every year and it's a serious health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Breast cancer is type of cancer that is most dominant in Indonesia. High estrogen exposure is one of factor that can increase the risk of breast cancer in women. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of estrogen exposure through the use of hormonal contraceptives and age of menarche with breast cancer incidence in women. Type of this study is observational analytic and use case control design. All of women breast cancer patients of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2013 were the population of case. All of woman non breast cancer patients who done breast examination at Dr Soetomo Hospital in 2013 were the population of control. The number of respondents in this study were 90 respondents were drawn from population using simple random sampling method. The variables studied were the use of hormonal contraceptives and age of menarche. The results of the analysis used binary logistic regression (α = 5%) indicated that the use of hormonal contraceptives (p = 0,028; OR = 3,266) and age of menarche (p =0,031; OR = 3,492) has an significant correlation with incidence of breast cancer in women at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2013. It is expected that the community can be more accurate in determining the duration of hormonal contraception USAge and avoid lifestyle can accelerate the occurrence of menarche