The effects of an experimental programme to support students’ autonomy on the overt behaviours of physical education teachers

Although the benefits of autonomy supportive behaviours are now well established in the literature, very few studies have attempted to train teachers to offer a greater autonomy support to their students. In fact, none of these studies has been carried out in physical education (PE). The purpose of this study is to test the effects of an autonomy-supportive training on overt behaviours of teaching among PE teachers. The experimental group included two PE teachers who were first educated on the benefits of an autonomy supportive style and then followed an individualised guidance programme during the 8 lessons of a teaching cycle. Their behaviours were observed and rated along 3 categories (i.e., autonomy supportive, neutral and controlling) and were subsequently compared to those of three teachers who formed the control condition. The results showed that teachers in the experimental group used more autonomy supportive and neutral behaviours than those in the control group, but no difference emerged in relation to controlling behaviours. We discuss the implications for schools of our findings

Turf and landscape research, 1974

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and mowing height on weed content of a Kentucky bluegrass turf / M. H. Niehaus -- Winter nitrogen fertilization of merion Kentucky bluegrass and Pennlawn red fescue / P. R. Henderlong, J. D. Wells and J. R. Street -- Silica content of 'merion' Kentucky bluegrass under several cultural regimes and its relation to thatch accumulation / J. R. Street, P. R. Henderlong and F. L. Himes -- The effects of nitrogen source, rate, and frequency of application on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L., var, penncross) / K. R. English, P. R. Henderlong and R. H. Miller -- Fumigant-herbicide cobinations reduce weeding costs and yield season-long weed control in lining-out beds / E. M. Smith -- Post-transplant herbicide application for pre-emergent weed control in annual bedding plants / T. A. Fretz, V. R. Walter and M. R. Cobbs -- Pre-emergent herbicide combinations for container-grown nursery stock / T. A. Fretz -- Evaluation of experimental herbicides on container-grown nursery stock / T. A. Fretz -- Fertilizing Taxus and Juniper in the nursery / E. M. Smith -- Effects of gibberellin on yew growth: preliminary studies / M. Kawase -- Pieris dieback complex / H. A. J. Hoitink and W. G. Gerlach -- The control of pyracantha scab with two applications of fungicides / C. C. Powell, Jr. -- Visual symptoms of copper toxicity on woody ornamentals / L. J. Kuhns and T. D. Sydnor -- Fungicidal improvement of performance of magnolia in processed root balls / C. C. Powell, Jr. -- Effects of time, temperature, copper source, and concentration on burlap strength--a preliminary report / L. J. Kuhns and T. D. Sydnor -- The cost of storing ornamentals under plastic with minimum heat / E. M. Smith -- Chemical weed control in perennial flower plantings / E. M. Smith -- Aphid control trials on outdoor roses in 1973 / R. K. Lindquist -- Chemical control of powdery mildew of zinnia / C. C. Powell, Jr. -- A study of the economics of fertilizing trees in the nursery / E. M. Smith -- Fertilizing trees in the landscape- progress report / E. M. Smith and K. W. Reisch -- Evaluation of herbicide combinations for use in shade tree nurseries / T. A. Fretz -- Minimum spray programs for scab control on ornamental crabapples: 1973 results / C. C. Powell, Jr. -- Rhododendrons / J. E. Ford -- The birches / P. C. Kozel -- The genus fagus (beech) / P. C. Kozel -- The flowering cherries / P. C. Koze

Turf and landscape research, 1971

Using newer grasses / R. W. Miller -- Soil testing to determine fertilizer needs / R. W. Miller -- Turf renovation / M. H. Niehaus and G. B. Triplett, Jr. -- Pre-emergence control of annual grasses / R. W. Miller -- Chemical control of fusarium blight of merion Kentucky bluegrass / R. R. Muse -- Thatch regulation / R. W. Miller -- Effect of temperature on the germination and seedling development of turfgrasses / P. R. Henderlong -- Residential landscape design / P. C. Kozel -- Landscape plants for use in wet areas / E. M. Smith -- Taxus in the landscape / E. M. Smith -- Pruning hedges / F. K. Buscher -- Pruning taxus and juniper / F. K. Buscher -- Practical procedures for chemical pruning of woody ornamental plants / P. C. Kozel and K. W. Reisch -- Management of woody ornamentals in propagating benches / H. A. J. Hoitink, D. G. Nielsen and C. C. Powell -- Evaluating the lasting quality of burlap and containers / E. M. Smith -- Watering newly planted ornamental plants / J. L. Caldwell -- The use of anti-desiccants to prevent winter injury / E. M. Smith -- Borer control in woody ornamentals / D. G. Nielsen and C. P. Balderston -- Shade tree evaluation research and tree inventory / K. W. Reisch -- The oaks / P. C. Kozel and K. W. Reisch -- Fertilizing trees / K. W. Reisch -- Shrub roses for the landscape / F. K. Buscher -- Ornamental flowers and their problems / R. E. Partyka -- Care of iris in the home landscape / J. L. Caldwell -- Propagation of rhododendron cuttings / M. Kawase and H. A. J. Hoitink -- Practical procedures for increasing flower bud initiation on rhododendrons / S. P. Myers and P. C. Kozel -- Air pollution and our environment / T. C. Weidensau