Yield and physiological response of Perilla (Perilla frutescens) under different soil fertility treatments

Medicinal plants are one of the main natural resources of Iran from ancient times. Perilla is one of the most important medicinal plants of the mint family Lamiaceae, since there is no study about adaptability of Perilla in Iran climate conditions and different fertilizer systems, this experiment was conducted in two experimental sites. The experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at two experimental regions. The main factor was three chemical fertilizer levels (control, 50, 100, 200 kg/ha) and subplots were different kinds of organic fertilizer (control, humic acid, and compost application) and inoculation with Piriform osporaindica (inoculation and without). Among levels of chemical treatments, 50 and 100 kg/ha lead to a better result. Also, humic acid allows to achieve the highest amount of measured traits between different treatments of organic fertilizer. The highest plant yield (147.2 g/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (3.432 g/m2) was achieved in 100 kg/ha at chemical fertilizer with humic acid and biological fertilizer application and the lowest plant yield (89.86 g/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (1.253 g/m2) was observed in control. Also, the highest stomatal conductance was obtained with application of compost fertilizer (67.67 mmol H2O m-2s-1). Integrated application of the studied fertilizers showed the more positive effect on yield and quality of Perilla than individual application of those fertilizers

Essential oil composition of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in symbiotic relationship with Piriformospora indica and paclobutrazol application under salt stress

Essential oil content and oil composition of paclobutrazol treated sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plant inoculated with Piriformospora indica under salt stress were investigated by GC-MS. The results show a slight increase in essential oil content when basil plants subjected to moderate salinity stress (3 dS m−1 of NaCl). It decreased signifiicantly with increasing salinity level to 9 dS m−1. The findings revealed that leaf area, above ground and leaf dry weights, essential oil content and yield were significantly affected by P. indica inoculation, however paclobutrazol application significantly influenced essential oil yield but not content. Fungal symbiosis as well as paclobutrazol application ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on dry matter and essential oil yield. The main constituents found in the volatile oil of O. basilicum in control treatment were Geranial (26.03%), Neral (24.88%) and Estragole (24.78%). The compounds concentrations showed some differences in P. indica and paclobutrazol treatments. The results demonstrate that micorrhiza-like fungi concomitantly increase essential oil production and biomass in sweet basil, a medicinal herb rich in commercially valuable essential oils

Waterlogging effects on some antioxidant enzymes activities and yield of three wheat promising lines

Waterlogging is one of the most important environmental stresses that have negative effects on wheat growth and yield. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of waterlogging (0, 7, 14 and 21 d) at tillering (ZG21) and stem elongation (ZG31) stages on the content of photosynthetic pigments, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes, grain yield and yield components of three wheat promising lines (N-93-19, N-93-9 and N-92-9). Increasing waterlogging stress reduce the photosynthetic pigments contents and the activity of catalase enzyme while increase the proline content, MDA, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes in three wheat genotypes in both tillering and stem elongation stages. Waterlogging also reduced yield and yield components in three wheat genotypes. The results showed that N-92-9 genotype had better response than other two genotypes in all studied traits under waterlogging conditions.</p

Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Spent Mushroom Compost under Different Moisture Conditions

The effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) on yield and yield components of wheat (cv. Azar2) under different moisture conditions was evaluated in pot experiment at Dry-land Agricultural Research Institute in 2010. Experiment arrangement was factorial based on complete randomized design with four replications. Treatments were SMC at three levels (0, 25 and 50 Mg.ha-1) and water deficit stress at three levels (-0.3 or field capacity, -5 and -10 bar). Some morphological, yield and yield components of wheat were determined. Results indicated that water stress had a negative and significant (

Inoculation with Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica for Improving the Morphological and Physiological Traits Related to Grain Yield of Rice under Different Rates of Phosphorus Fertilizer

Environmental protection and safity of agricultural products are two major goals in sustainable agriculture. Hence, using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria may be effective to reduce chemical inputs. Therefore, a field split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted at Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province in 2015. Treatments were consisted of three levels of phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0 or control, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 as triple super phosphate) and coinoculation of rice seed and seedling with Trichoderma virens and Piriformospora indica fungi with four levels (uninoculated control, inoculation of seed or seedlings and seed + seedlings inoculation). Results indicated that inoculation with these fungi significantly and positively affected the morpho-physiological traits and paddy yield of rice plant in all P levels. When, 0, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 was applied, seed inoculation resulted in significant increase of panicle number per plant (33, 19 and 40 percent, respectively), filled seeds per plant (21, 45 and 58 percent, respectively), biological yield (31, 6 and 18 percent, respectively) and paddy yield (37, 48 and 43 percent, respectively). Also, fungi inoculation of rice seeds, seedlings and seeds + seedlings improved paddy yield up to 48, 53 and 53 percent and 43, 44 and 15 percent when 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 of P was applied, respectively. In general, results indicated that all three methods of fungi inoculation had positive effect on rice plants under all P levels, which could be related to those fungi ability to improving the parameters under study such as panicle number per plant and biological yield. In conclusion, the positive effects of using both microorganisms and P were more pronounced than using P alone

International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences Effect of Iron, Zinc and Silicon Application on Quantitative Parameters of Rice (Oryza Sativa L. CV.Tarom Mahalli)

ABSTRACT: In order to investigate the effect of micronutrients foliar application on quantity parameters of rice (Oryza sativa (L.) cv. Tarom Mahalli), a field experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in 2012. The treatments included foliar application of different mixtures of Zn, Fe and Si micronutrients as the rate of 3 /1000. Results showed that the effect of foliar application of these micronutrients on yield quantity parameters such as grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight and biomass weight was significant. The highest grain number per panicle (varied from 137.21 to 153.43) was recorded when Fe+Si and mixture of the three elements were applied. Meanwhile, maximum 1000 grain weight (25.88 g) was obtained in Zn+ Si foliar application treatment. The simultaneously application of these elements had the highest biomass weight (10051.2 kg h

Efficient use of energy through organic rice–duck mutualism system

AbstractIndustrial agriculture is not efficient anymore due in particular to the use of nonrenewable energy such as fossil fuels. Organic agriculture is an alternative system that aims to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers. Animal–crop systems present potential mutual benefits, but such systems have been rarely studied quantitatively. Here, we compare energy inputs and outputs of organic rice–duck farming with conventional rice production in Mazandaran province, Iran. Our results show that the global energy input of organic rice–duck, 79,307 MJ ha−1, is lower than that of conventional rice, 94,377 MJ ha−1. On the contrary, the energy output of organic rice–duck, 117,325 MJ ha−1, is higher than that of conventional rice, 111,914 MJ ha−1. The most used energy was fuel, amounting to 40 % of total energy for organic rice–duck and 33 % for conventional rice. Then, machinery consumed 25 % of total energy for organic rice–duck and 20 % for conventional rice. Then, fertilizers consumed 20 % of total energy in the form of organic fertilizers for organic rice–duck versus 16 % in the form of mineral fertilizers for conventional rice. Overall, our findings show that organic rice–duck farming has more energy efficiency than conventional rice farming