Evaluasi Kinerja Kompor Gasifikasi Forced Draft Berbahan Bakar Cangkang Sawit

Oil production in Riau until the year 2011 has reached 35 million tons and production is produced from palm shell of 2.8 million tonnes . Especially in the application of gasification stove for cooking can improve the efficiency of the use of palm shells . This study uses three units of gasification stove with stove dimension 1 ( H1 = 16 cm , D1 = 10cm ) , stove 2 ( H2 = 16 cm , D2 = 12 cm ) , and the stove 3 ( H3 = 20 cm , D3 = 12 cm ) . The fuel used is oil shell with moisture content of 8% , 9 % and 8 % . Method of boiling water test ( WBT ) is used to evaluate the performance of the stove . Additional parameters such as the operating time and temperature flame of the stove as well as evaluate the performance of the stove . The results were obtained an average start-up time of 4.48 minutes and the operation time of the forced draft gasification stoves reached 13.83 minutes . The thermal efficiency of the gasification burner forced draft is approximately 41.49 % to 60.34 % , with the highest efficiency is a stove with a diameter of 12 cm and height 16 cm . Although the resulting fire is still reddish yellow , but the forced draft gasification stoves capable of producing up to 4.42 kWth heat energy with the highest flame temperature reaches 900oC . These results indicate that the operating conditions of forced draft gasification stoves greatly affect the performance of the stove

Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi CPO Ber-FFA Tinggi dengan Menggunakan Katalis ZnO Sintesis

Synthesized catalyst ZnO precipitant zinc oxalate was used as the catalyst for converted Crude Palm Oil (CPO) which has a high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) into methyl ester. This research is aimed to determine the kinetics of transesterification reaction of high FFA CPO to methyl ester with that catalyst. The data of kinetics transesterification reaction is done by isolation technique that is by comparison of mole ratio of CPO : methanol 1: 18. Kinetic of transesterification was carried out at different temperatures (45 - 65°C) and different times of reaction (0 - 60 minutes). The effects of temperatures and time of the reaction rate constant were investigated. The result showed that content of methyl ester increased with the increasing of the reaction temperatures. The highest content of methil ester of 97,7% was obtained at 65°C and 60 minutes of reaction time. The rate constant of transesterification was determined by employing integral and differential method with the overall chemical reaction following the pseudo first order reaction. The activation energy was 36,55 kJ/mol

Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Sawit Off Grade dengan Menggunakan Katalis Zno Komersial pada Proses Transesterifikasi

Vegetable oil with high FFA derived from off grade palm oil can be used as raw material for making biodiesel. ZnO is currently developed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reaction of biodiesel production. This research aimed to produce biodiesel from low-quality raw materials and determine the effectiveness of the process by looking at the effect of process conditions such as reaction temperature, mole ratio and catalyst concentration on the yield of biodiesel. The process of making biodiesel is done with two stages of the reaction of esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification reaction carried out at a temperature of 65oC, the mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:12, and 1% catalyst concentration. Variations in operating conditions transesterification reaction include reaction temperature (45oC, 55oC, 65oC), the mole ratio of oil: methanol (1:10, 1:14, and 1:18), and catalyst concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 2% / w). The highest yield of biodiesel obtained as much as 94.26% under the conditions of reaction temperature of 65oC, the mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:18, and 2% of ZnO catalyst concentration. The characteristics of biodiesel produced in the form of density, kinematic viscosity, acid number and flash point are in according to the standards of Indonesian biodiesel

Penentuan Kesetimbangan Adsorpsi Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) terhadap Ion Cu(II)

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is the waste that generated from bleaching units in palm oil refining industry. Solution for the waste reduction is regenerating SBE into regenerated spent bleaching earth (RSBE) which can be used as adsorbent heavy metals in waste waters such as Cu(II) derived from the industry. In this study SBE regenerated by extracting oil soxhletation at 72oC for 8 hours with solvent n-hexane, then washed with 3% HCl and finally physically activated at a temperature of 470oC. This study aims to determine the adsorption capability of RSBE and the corresponding adsorption isotherm models. A total of 1 g RSBE mixed with a solution of CuSO4 with a volume of 100 ml at various concentrations (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). The results showed that the ion adsorption of Cu(II) by RSBE reached equilibrium after 30 minutes of contact time, and adsorption occured by following the Langmuir isotherm adsorption models with correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.956 and the maximum value of adsorption capacity is 7.41 mg Cu(II)/g RSBE