Comparison of the Effectiveness of Yoga Training Based on Mindfulness and Self-Management on Anxiety Symptomsin Adolescents

Background and Aim:Adolescence is one of the most important and at the same time the most stressful and traumatic stages of individuals’ lives.   Most of them may experience anxiety during this period. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of yoga training based on mindfulness and self-management on anxiety in adolescents. Materials and Methods:This experimental study was a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all the female high school studentsin Karaj city in  2018-2019 academic year.  45 students were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15 students) and control (15 students). The experimental groups underwent approach yoga training based on mindfulness (12 sessions 90 minutes) and self-management training (12 sessions 90 minutes): but the control group received no training.To collect data Beck anxiety inventory of Beck, Epstein, Brown, and Steer (1988). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). Results:The results showed that yoga training based on mindfulness and self-management was effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms in adolescents (P<0.001). The results also showed that the effect of both treatments was lasting until the follow-up stage(P<0.01). Conclusion:It can be concluded that self-management training has more effectiveness in reducing anxiety. Self-management education has helped to reduce students' anxiety by regulating emotions and managing stress and yoga-based mindfulness training by reducing impulses and stressors through relaxation

The Effectiveness of a Combined Program of Direct Instruction and Phonological Awareness on Reading Fluency, Reading Comprehension, and Working Memory for First Grade Elementary School Students with Reading Problems

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the integrative training program consisted of a direct instruction and phonological awareness, compared with phonology and direct instruction programs on reading skills, and working memory in the first grade girl students with reading problems (RP). This study used pretest-posttest and follow-up sessions with experimental and control groups. Sixty girl students with RP were recruited through the purposeful sampling method (n = 15 in 4 groups), and the experimental groups were taught during 13 eighty-minute sessions. Measuring instruments included Diagnostic Reading Test, Phonological Awareness Test, Wechsler Memory, and Raven's Matrices. Mixed MANOVA analysis revealed that the DI group had better improvement in RC and WM rather than the PA group, and the PA group had better improvement in PA. The integrative group had better improvement in both PA and forward memory compared with the other two groups. This is probably due to receiving both instructions at the same time. Accordingly, it is concluded that the integrative method can be used for students with RP. phonologicalawareness, direct instruction, integrative method, comprehension, working memor

Developing a Structural Model of Pain Perception based on Early Maladaptive Schemata Mediated by Cognitive Emotion Regulation in people with Chronic Pain

Chronic pain affects the type of thinking, function and feeling of the individual and causes various limitations in the person's life.  This study aimed at developing a structural model of pain perception based on early maladaptive schemata mediated by emotion regulation in people with chronic pain. Method: The research method was descriptive correlation and the statistical population included all patients who referred to pain clinics in Tehran in 2020 from which 300 people (175 females and 125 males) were selected by convenience sampling method. They responded to the Granfsky and Craig (2006) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaires, Young's Early maladaptive Schema (1991), and the Visual Pain Scale. The research data were analyzed by structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings showed that 1) Direct path coefficient between maladaptive schema and negative (β =0.559) and positive (β =-0.333) emotion regulation strategies was significant (P0.5), but the direct path coefficient between positive strategies for negative emotion regulation and pain perception (β =-0.115) was significant (P.05. 4) The indirect path coefficient between maladaptive schemata and pain perception in patients with chronic pain was significant (β =.098,P<.01).   Conclusion: People's tendency to use positive or negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be a determining factor in the relationship between maladaptive schemata and chronic pain perception

Prediction of Quality of life by Self-Efficacy, Pain Intensity and Pain Duration in Patient with Pain Disorders

The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. It is generally accepted that pain intensity and duration have a negative impact on the QOL. One specific type of control is “self-efficacy”, or the belief that one has the ability to successfully engage in specific actions. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of self-efficacy, pain intensity, and pain duration in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed coping self-efficacy and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated numerical rating scale for pain intensity. The results were analyzed using SPSS version of 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation, and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that self-efficacy but not the pain duration could significantly anticipate the QOL and its four related domains (P<0.001). In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of self-efficacy on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain. However, the pain intensity could predict all of the QOL domains (P< 0.001) except social and environmental ones. In conclusion, to predict the quality of life (QOL) in person suffering from chronic pain, self-efficacy and pain intensity are more important factors than the pain duration and demographic variables

The Role Of Resilience and Age on Quality of Life in Patients with Pain Disorders

The quality of life (QOL) has been defined as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. Also; Age was also significantly associated with several functional limitations such as illness, physical restrictions. The concept of ‘‘resilience’’ refers to successful adaptation that unfolds within a context of significant and usually debilitating adversity or life stress. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of resilience and Age in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated several demographic variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that resilience and age could significantly anticipate the QOL and physical aspect P&lt;0.001). In psychological, social and environmental domains resilience but not the age could significantly prediction this domains. In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of resilience on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain.. In conclusion, resilience is more important factor than the age to predict the quality of life (QOL) in person suffering from chronic pain