Role of reinforcement methods in retention of composite restorations of primary anterior teeth

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the retention of composite restorations of primary anterior teeth reinforced with composite posts, glass fiber posts, para-pulpal pins with composite posts, and para-pulpal pins alone.Methods Forty freshly extracted sound primary canine teeth with at least two-third of the root length remaining were selected. After disinfection, the tooth crown was cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Root canals were prepared and filled using zinc oxide eugenol paste. The teeth were randomly allocated into four groups and restored using one of the following: Composite posts, glass fiber posts, para- pulpal pins with composite posts, and para-pulpal pins alone. Composite cores were constructed while a preformed U-shaped orthodontic wire was placed in the composite tip, samples were then placed in a universal testing machine for measurement of retention. The minimum force required to dislodge the restoration or cause fracture was considered as the retentive strength. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P < 0.05).Results There were statistically significant differences between groups (P = 0.011). The mean retention in the para-pulpal pins with composite post group (131.72 ± 32.35N) was greater than that in composite posts (93.65 ± 24.45N), glass fiber post (95.92 ± 25.35N), and the para-pulpal pin group (95.34 ± 29.56N) (P < 0.05). Other differences were not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion para-Pulpal pin alone may not help in improving the retention of full crown restoration of primary anterior teeth. However, when used along with a composite post, it appears to improve the retention of restoration

Retrocaval Ureter: A Study of 13 Cases

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to report our 23-year experience in the diagnosis and treatment of retrocaval ureter.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Data from 13 patients with retrocaval ureter were reviewed. Intravenous urography and retrograde pyelography had been used for confirming the diagnosis. All of the patients had been symptomatic and undergone surgery. A control intravenous urography had been performed 6 months postoperatively.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 23 years (range, 12 to 37 years). Twelve patients (92.3%) were men. The clinical manifestations were pyelonephritis in 7 (53.8%), right flank pain in 4 (30.8%), gross hematuria in 1 (7.7%), and ureteral calculus in 1 (7.7%). All of the patients had type 1 right-sided retrocaval ureter. Associated anomalies were seen in none of the patients. The control intravenous urography showed improvement of renal function.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In our patients<strong>,</strong> the most common cause of referral was pyelonephritis. In symptomatic cases, operation is needed and can improve renal function.</span></span></p&gt

BORZOUYEH, STAROPERZIJSKI LIJEČNIK KOJI JE PRVI IZVIJESTIO O KONTRAKCIJI MATERNICE KOD PRIRODNOG, VAGINALNOG PORODA

During the final hours of pregnancy, uterine contractions cause the foetus to move through the birth canal and leave the mother’s body. Haly Abbas (died 982-994 CE), is believed to be the first writer to explain the role of these contractions. However, this concept had in fact been described in the text titled Bab-e-Borzouyeh, written four centuries earlier by the physician Borzouyeh (Perzoes in Latin) as a prologue to his translation of the Indian collection of fables known as the Panchatantra. Because Haly Abbas probably had access to ancient Persian medical textsKontrakcije maternice u zadnjim satima trudnoće uzrokuju prolaz ploda kroz porođajni kanal i napuštanje majčinog tijela. Smatra se kako je Haly Abbas (u. 982–994) prvi koji je opisao ulogu tih kontrakcija. Međutim ovaj je pojam četiri stoljeća ranije zapravo opisao liječnik Borzouyeh (lat. Perzoes) u tekstu naslovljenu Bab-e-Borzouyeh, uvodu njegova prijevoda Panchatantre,zbirke indijskih basni. Budući da je Haly Abbas vjerojatno imao pristup staroperzijskim medicinskim tekstovima, prvo izvješće o kontrakcijama maternice trebalo bi biti priznato starijem autoru

USPOREDBA DREVNIH ZAKONA O ABORTUSU PERZIJE, GRČKE I RIMA

Since the dawn of medicine, medical rights and ethics have always been one of mankind’s concerns. In any civilisation, attention paid to medical laws and ethics depends on the progress of human values and the advancement of medical science. The history of various civilisations teaches that each had its own views on medical ethics, but most had something in common. Ancient civilisations such as Greece, Rome, or Assyria did not consider the foetus to be alive and therefore to have human rights. In contrast, ancient Persians valued the foetus as a living person equal to others. Accordingly, they brought laws against abortion, even in cases of sexual abuse. Furthermore, abortion was considered to be a murder and punishments were meted out to the mother, father, and the person performing it.Od samih početaka medicine, čovječanstvo se bavilo medicinskim pravima i etikom. Svaka je civilizacija posvećivala onoliko pažnje medicinskim zakonima i etici koliko je bila napredna u poštivanju ljudskih vrijednosti i medicinskoj znanosti. Povijest civilizacija uči nas da je svaka imala vlastite poglede, ali su u mnogočemu oni bili zajednički. Antičke civilizacije poput grčke, rimske ili asirske, fetus nisu smatrale živim bićem pa mu stoga nisu davale ni ljudska prava. Za razliku od njih, Perzijanci su fetus smatrali živom osobom s jednakim pravima kao i drugih ljudi. Stoga su zabranjivali abortus, čak i u slučajevima spolnog zlostavljanja. Štoviše, abortus se smatrao umorstvom, a kažnjavali su se i majka i otac i osoba koja bi obavila postupak

Minimax estimation of the parameter of the burr type xii distribution.

Abstract: In this paper the classical estimators of the shape parameter ș for the Burr Type XII distribution, such as, the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), the Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE), and the Minimum Mean Squared Error (MinMSE) estimator are obtained. Then the problem of finding the minimax estimators of this parameter under the squared log error, precautionary, and weighted balanced squared error loss functions by applying the theorem o

اخوینی بخاری، از پیشگامان پزشکی در ایران

Abubakr Ahmad Al-Akhawayni Bukhari (also known as Joveini) is one of the famous Persian physicians in 10’Th century. He was from Bokhara (a city in Azerbaijan) and pupil of Abolghasem Moghanei Razi, who himself was one of the Rhazes’s pupils. Due to prominant achievements in treatment of psychiatric patients (especially melancholics), Akhawayni was called as “physician of insanes”. He has some books in pharmacology, anatomy and pulsology. His only book that survived is “Hidayat al-Muta‘allemin Fi al-Tibb” (guidance of medical pupils). It is also the first Persian medical text in the history. Akhaweyni has some innovations like Orogastric (OG) tube and 10 new drug compounds. In addition he used fever chart for the first time to describe different types of fever. He also discussed about many neurological and psychological diseases in his book. Accordingly, he could be considered as one of the pioneers of medicine in Iran.ابوبکر ربیع ‏‏بن احمد الاخوینی، یکی از پزشکان مشهور پارسی قرن چهارم هجری است. او از اهالی بخارا (شهری در جمهوری ازبکستان کنونی) و شاگرد ابوالقاسم طاهر‏بن محمد بن ابراهیم مقانعی رازی از شاگردان زکریای رازی بوده است. به علت موفقیت فراوان در درمان بیماران روان‌پزشکی (و به‌طور خاص مالیخولیایی)، در زمان حیاتش از او به عنوان «پزشک دیوانگان» یاد شده است. آثار او عبارتند از: «قرابادین»، «کتاب نبض»، «کتاب تشریح» و هم‏چنین «هدایه المتعلمین فی الطب». کتاب هدایه تنها اثر به‌جای مانده از این پزشک بزرگ ایرانی و اولین متن پزشکی نوشته شده به زبان فارسی است. از ابداعات او می‌توان به ساخت 10 ترکیب دارویی جدید و لوله‌گذاری دهان به مری (OG tube) برای اولین بار اشاره کرد. علاوه بر این، اخوینی برای اولین بار در تاریخ پزشکی دنیا از نمودار تب برای مشخص کردن نوع تب استفاده کرده است. او هم‎چنین درباره بسیاری از بیماری‌های عصبی و روانی در کتاب خود بحث کرده است. از این رو اخوینی را می‌توان یکی از پیشگامان علم پزشکی در ایران دانست

Al-Akhawayni, an Influencial Contributor to Medieval Persian Science of Neurology

Al-Akhawayni Bukhari(?-983 AD), great 10th century Persian physician, in his extant book entitled Hidayat(Guide) discussed different aspects of some neurologic diseases that include prevention, clinical findings, treatment, and sometimes prognosis. Without doubt, Al-Akhawayni’s knowledge on neurology, in addition to his familiarity to the works of his predecessors is obviously indebted to his experimental approach to medicine. These features resulted in providing a number of innovations. Another evidence is that, Al-Akhawayniwas known as insane’s physician during his lifetime as a doctor. Therefore, it seems to be essential that this physician’s only surviving book is evaluated with more emphasis, and Al-Akhawayni is being introduced to the modern world of science

Avicenna’s Views on Bone Fractures in Canon of Medicine

The human knowledge on orthopedics traces back to dawn of the medical history. During the history of medicine, several scholars including Persian scientists investigated orthopedics and contributed to its flowering. Abu Ali al-Hussain ibn Abdullah ibn-Sina is a great Persian physician whose opinions on various aspects of medicine, including the science of orthopedics, are so remarkable. In this paper, we will review Avicenna’s viewpoints and recommendations for diagnosis, care and treatment of different bones fractures which can be representative of the early knowledge on orthopedics in Persia