Study of Association of Substance Use Disorders with Family Members' Psychological Disorders

Introduction: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) represents a serious problem in Iranian community that may lead to psychological disorders in families. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the association of SUDs with family members' psychological disorders. Materials and Methods: The sample size of the study consisted of 724 people referred to a counseling and psychology clinic in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. For data gathering, random method was adopted. After the relationship was established with the patients during the counseling and their confidence was gained, development of SUDs and related effect on the referred patient's family members were investigated by a predeveloped checklist. The statistical tests used to analyse the data were chi-square, Fisher's-exact test, and odds ratio. Results: The most frequent disorder noted was depression (40.5%) followed by generalized anxiety disorder (21%), minor interpersonal and children's behavioural problems (15%), and hysteria (8%). Depression, hysteria, and minor interpersonal and children's behavioural problems in the women and men were reported 48% vs. 20%, 9% vs. 5%, and 10% vs. 27%, respectively. A significant association was seen between SUDs in the patients' spouses and children as well as in their families, and gender, marital status, and occupation, but not place of residence and education. Conclusion: An association was seen between the psychiatric disorders in the people referring the studied center and SUDs in their families. Addiction in family plays an important role in developing or recurring psychiatric disorders in other family member

The efficacy of three learning methods collaborative, context-based learning and traditional, on learning, attitude and behaviour of undergraduate nursing students: Integrating theory and practice

Introduction: Communication skills training, responsibility, respect, and self-awareness are important indexes of changing learning behaviours in modern approaches. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of three learning approaches, collaborative, context-based learning (CBL), and traditional, on learning, attitude, and behaviour of undergraduate nursing students. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial with pretest and post-test of control group. The participants were senior nursing students. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups; CBL, collaborative, and traditional. To gather data a standard questionnaire of students’ behaviour and attitude was administered prior to and after the intervention. Also, the rate of learning was investigated by a researcher-developed questionnaire prior to and after the intervention in the three groups. Results: In CBL and collaborative training groups, the mean score of behaviour and attitude increased after the intervention. But no significant association was obtained between the mean scores of behaviour and attitude prior to and after the intervention in the traditional group. However, the mean learning score increased significantly in the CBL, collaborative, and traditional groups after the study in comparison to before the study. Conclusion: Both CBL and collaborative approaches were useful in terms of increased respect, self-awareness, self-evaluation, communication skills and responsibility as well as increased motivation and learning score in comparison to traditional method. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved

Effects of yoga on physiological indices, anxiety and social functioning in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized trial

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) as a chronic disease could affect patients’ various domains of life. Aim: This study was conducted to study the effect of yoga on the physiological indices, anxiety and social functioning of patients with MS in southwest, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 MS patients were enrolled according to inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups of 30 each. Prior to and after intervention, the patients’ vital signs were measured. For case group yoga exercises were performed three sessions a week for 12 weeks while control group performed no exercise. The data were gathered by questionnaire and analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS. Results: Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference in fatigue severity and pain between the two groups but the mean fatigue severity and pain in case group decreased compared to the control group after the intervention. Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference in mean physiological indices between the two groups but the mean physiological indices in case group decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Yoga is likely to increase self-efficacy of MS patients through enhancing physical activity, increasing the strength of lower limbs and balance, and decreasing fatigue and pain, and finally to promote social functioning and to relieve stress and anxiety in these patients

Comparison of context-based learning and traditional method in cognitive and psychomotor domains and critical thinking of undergraduate nursing students

BACKGROUND: Today, due to advances in science, students must learn to be more active. Active learning will enhance students' learning and motivation. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of Context-Based Learning (CBL) and traditional method in cognitive and psychomotor domains and critical thinking of undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: This was a semi-experimental study. The participants were 50 (25 CBL and 25 traditional) senior nursing students spending internship training period in the neurology ward. Data collection tool was a four-section questionnaire. After passing the period, the students were asked to complete the questionnaire once more to determine modification degree in each category of cognitive, psychomotor and affective domain, learning process and critical thinking of student after applying CBL and traditional methods. Subsequent to the completion of the questionnaire, prior and next data were compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and the significance level considered 5%. T-test and paired T-test as well as Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the attributes of independent and dependent variables. RESULTS: Results of the study showed that in CBL group, the scores were increased in all five behavioral domains after the intervention. However, in the traditional group, the difference of score mean of the students' behavior was not significant before and after the intervention. In addition, the results indicated that in CBL group, learning score increased in level of knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, and synthesis and evaluation. In the traditional group, while learning score increased in knowledge and understanding domains, it not only did not increase in application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation levels but it was also lower than in the CBL group. CONCLUSIONS: In CBL group, behavioral score increased in terms of respect, self-awareness and selfevaluation, communication skills, accountability, critical thinking as well as motivation, and in learning process in levels of knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, syntheses and evaluation. New educational methods lead to learn more deeply and become more sustainable

Comparison of hypnotherapy and standard medical treatment alone on quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A randomized control trial

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent gastroenterological disorders. IBS is characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and flatulence. Complementary therapy is a group of diverse therapeutic and health care systems and products that are used in treatment of IBS. Hypnotherapy helps to alleviate the symptoms of a broad range of diseases and conditions. It can be used independently or along with other treatments. Aim: This study was conducted to compare therapeutic effect of hypnotherapy plus standard medical treatment and standard medical treatment alone on quality of life in patients with IBS. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial investigating 60 patients who were enrolled according to Rome-III criteria. The sample size was determined per statistical advice, previous studies, and the formula of sample size calculation. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of hypnotherapy plus standard medical treatment group (n: 30), and standard medical treatment group (30). The study consisted of three steps; prior to treatment, after treatment and six months after the last intervention (follow-up). The instruments of data gathering were a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and standard questionnaire of quality of life for IBS patients (Quality of Life IBS-34). The data were analysed by analysis of co-variance, Levene’s test and descriptive statistics in SPSS-18. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups of study in post-treatment and follow-up stage with regards to quality of life (p<0.05). Conclusion: Psychological intervention, particularly hypnotherapy, alongside standard medical therapy could contribute to improving quality of life, pain and fatigue, and psychological disorder in IBS patients resistant to treatment. Also, therapeutic costs, hospital stay and days lost from work could be decreased and patients’ efficiency could be increased. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved

The effect of stress management based on group cognitive-behavioural therapy on marital satisfaction in infertile women

In the developed world, infertility is on rise and has become a social concern. This is considered as a serious stress in life and exerts a severe psychological impact on the couple. Aim: This study was conducted to study the efficacy of stress management based on group cognitive-behavioural therapy on mental health and marital satisfaction in infertile women. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-post-test design and control group. The study sample consisted of 40 infertile women enrolled based on convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental and control, of 20 each. Then, the experimental group underwent stress management training for 10 two-hour sessions per cognitive-behavioural therapy. The instruments used in this study were marital satisfaction inventory ENRICH and a checklist of demographic characteristics. Immediately and three months after completion of the intervention, the instruments were administered to the participants. The data was analysed by analysis of covariance in SPSS 18. Results: There was a significant difference in marital satisfaction between the experimental and control groups in both post-test (p=0.001) and follow-up (p=0.001). Conclusion: The stress management based on cognitive-behavioural therapy could contribute to increasing marital satisfaction in infertile women. The effect could remain stable three months after the last interventions (follow-up)

Effect of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Sleep is referred a regular,recurring and easily revocable state of organism which is characterized by relative immobility and significant increase in response threshold to environmental stimuli sleep disorders are common among haemodialysis patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep hygiene education on sleep quality in haemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. The participants of this study were 60 haemodialysis patients admitted to the Dialysis Center of Shahid Ayatollah Madani Hospital of Khoy,affiliated with the Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done randomly and the partcipants were randomly divided into intervention group (30 patients) and control group (30 patients). Sleep quality of participants was measured before and after the intervention by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Training process for sleep hygiene behaviours was presented to the participants face-toface. The data were analysed using SPSS 16. Results: A significant difference in the mean (standard deviation) score for PSQI (p<0.001) was observed before and after intervention in the intervention group,while in the control group,the difference was not significant (p=0.704),In addition,a significant difference was observed in the mean (standard deviation) score for PSQI between the two intervention and control groups after the educational intervention (p=0.034). Conclusion: Sleep hygiene education,alongside other approaches,is a low-cost,accessible,and practical method which can be implemented within a short period of tim

Factors affecting quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

Background: Cancer can produce many different symptoms, some subtle and some not at all subtle. An increasingly important issue in oncology is to evaluate quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients. The cancer-specific QoL is related to all stages of this disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the QoL in cancer patients with solid tumors and at the different chemotherapy cycles (CT). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 200 cancer patients were included. With some modification, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to measure QoL in the patients. The QoL in most subjects (66%) was fairly favorable. Results: A significant relationship between the cancer type, pain intensity, and fatigue was found. However, none of the demographic variables (age, education, marital status, income) were significantly related to QoL. Nevertheless, significant difference was found between the level of QoL in patients with <= 2 CT cycles and/or with 3-5 cycles (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cancer is an important health issue influencing QoL. An appropriate treatment which may provide care to the cancer patients is CT. A CT cycle may improve QoL in patients with solid tumors

Ozone therapy in chronic diseases; a narrative review of the literature

Nitric oxide (NO) has various physiological and biochemical effects. In many biological systems of the body, NO acts as a messenger molecule via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which affects the body cells. NO is synthesized in the body from the L-arginine amino acid by the NO synthases enzyme. This enzyme consists of three major isoforms including neurotransmitter, endothelial and inductive types. According to the results of numerous studies, the administration of ozone as a complementary therapy of the diseases is a less complicated and cost-effective way. Over the past forty years, the results of ozone therapy have been satisfactory and without any problems. Ozone therapy affects various diseases. For example, in treatment for vascular diseases and some degenerative diseases, it has an ameliorative impact. Regarding kidney disease, still many experimental or clinical studies are necessary to find its improvement/anti-oxidative effect. Keywords: Ozone therapy, Chronic diseases, Diabetic, Vascular disease

Effects of massage therapy and aromatherapy on fatigue in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common articular cartilage disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of massage therapy and aromatherapy (Lavender essential oil) on fatigue in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: In this clinical trial, 93 patients referred to the Imam Ali Clinic in Shahrekord, Iran, were included. The patients were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups of massage therapy, aromatherapy (Lavender essential oil), and control by blocked randomization. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Fatigue scores in the three groups were determined before intervention and in the 5th and 10th sessions after intervention. Results: No significant differences in demographic characteristics were observed between the groups. There was a significant reduction in fatigue score in the aromatherapy group when compared to the control group (P<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in fatigue scores at different intervals between the control and massage therapy groups. Conclusion: Since knee osteoarthritis has no definite treatment, aromatherapy can lead to improving fatigue in patients with the diseas