Die Konstruktion von Männerbildern in Russland: Kontinuität und Wandel von Männerbildern in den 90er Jahren am Beispiel sowjetischer und postsowjetischer Filme

"Gender, die soziokulturelle Norm von Geschlecht, ist eine der fundamentalen Institutionen einer Gesellschaft. In den Geschlechternormen reproduzieren sich die herrschenden Machtstrukturen, nach denen soziale Ordnungen organisiert werden. Will man den gesellschaftlichen Umbruch in Rußland untersuchen, ist es jenseits der Analyse des staatlichen Umbaus notwendig, den sozialen Wandel anhand der Veränderungen dieser zentralen sozialen Stratifikationslinien nachzuverfolgen. In einer männlich dominierten Gesellschaft wie in Rußland, in der die wichtigen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Entscheidungsträger fast ausschließlich Männer sind, kommt der Konzeption von Männlichkeit diesbezüglich eine herausragende Bedeutung zu: Nach dem Soziologen Robert W. Connell strukturiert sich Macht in einer Gesellschaft analog zu der in ihr hegemonialen Männlichkeit. Daher soll die Frage nach dem sozialen Wandel in Rußland in dieser Arbeit anhand der sich verändernden Konzepte von Männlichkeit untersucht werden. Da Gender medial vermittelt wird macht es im Zeitalter der massenmedialen Kommunikation und angesichts der besonderen Bedeutung des Kinos in Rußland Sinn, die Gender-Konzepte anhand ihrer cineastischen Darstellung zu untersuchen. Die filmischen Gesellschaftsporträts sind Zeitdokumente, in denen die Normen von Männlichkeit sichtbar und nachvollziehbar werden. Diente das Ideal von Männlichkeit in der Sowjetunion anfänglich noch der Mobilisierung für den gesellschaftlichen Aufbau, den Krieg und der Implementation sowjetischer Werte, so wurde Männlichkeit in der Zeit der Stagnation Indikator für die gesellschaftliche Krise. In den 80er Jahren wurde diese Krise zunehmend über die Agonie und den Zerfall männlicher Ideale dargestellt. Setzte sich die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Männlichkeit auch während der Perestroika fort, so lässt sich seit Mitte der 90er Jahre ein neuer Trend hin zu einem restaurativ-patriarchalen Männlichkeitsideal feststellen." (Autorenreferat

Psychoanalyse auf Arabisch

Der vorliegende soziologische Artikel thematisiert, wie in den letzten Jahrzehnten arabische PsychoanalytikerInnen und Gruppierungen die Etablierung und Professionalisierung der Psychoanalyse in einzelnen Ländern der arabischen Welt vorantreiben. Er gibt Einblicke in die sich dabei abspielenden heterogenen Geschichten der arabischen psychoanalytischen Bewegungen. Im Zentrum stehen die psychoanalytischen Communities Syriens, Ägyptens und des Libanon. Die Autorin streift ausserdem Fragen der Arabisierung der Psychoanalyse am Beispiel der Übersetzbarkeit der psychoanalytischen Literatur in die arabische Sprache. Ebenso umreisst sie verschiedene Lesarten dessen, wie der Aneignungsprozess der Psychoanalyse in der arabischen Welt verstanden werden kann

Evaluation of an in-house dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus

Measuring antibody titres to determine a cat’s immunity to core diseases instead of just administering annual vaccinations has not been established in Germany so far. An in-house test kit for the detection of antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus – the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck – is now available in several European countries. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck to determine antibodies by comparing it to a gold standard. The test is aimed for use in practice to assist decision-making when performing an individual health assessment to see whether a cat is potentially unprotected against FPV and requires FPV vaccination. Sera from 347 cats were included in the study. For antibody detection, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) was performed as gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck were determined for three different HI titre cut-off points (1:20, 1:40, 1:80). In comparison to the HI, the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck showed a sensitivity of 79%, 83% and 87%, and a specificity of 89%, 86% and 81%, respectively. Specificity of the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck, which was considered the most important parameter, was acceptable in comparison to HI. Especially when considering an antibody titre of 1:20 sufficient for protection (eg, in an adult animal), the ImmunoComb Feline VacciCheck can be recommended for use in veterinary practice

Novel potential interacting partners of fibronectin in spontaneous animal model of interstitial cystitis

Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is the only spontaneous animal model for human interstitial cystitis (IC), as both possess a distinctive chronical and relapsing character. Underlying pathomechanisms of both diseases are not clearly established yet. We recently detected increased urine fibronectin levels in FIC cases. The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into the pathogenesis by assessing interacting partners of fibronectin in urine of FIC affected cats. Several candidate proteins were identified via immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Considerable changes in FIC conditions compared to physiological expression of co-purified proteins were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Compared to controls, complement C4a and thioredoxin were present in higher levels in urine of FIC patients whereas loss of signal intensity was detected in FIC affected tissue. Galectin-7 was exclusively detected in urine of FIC cats, pointing to an important role of this molecule in FIC pathogenesis. Moderate physiological signal intensity of galectin-7 in transitional epithelium shifted to distinct expression in transitional epithelium under pathophysiological conditions. I-FABP expression was reduced in urine and urinary bladder tissue of FIC cats. Additionally, transduction molecules of thioredoxin, NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK, were examined. In FIC affected tissue, colocalization of thioredoxin and NF-κB p65 could be demonstrated compared to absent coexpression of thioredoxin and p38 MAPK. These considerable changes in expression level and pattern point to an important role for co-purified proteins of fibronectin and thioredoxin-regulated signal transduction pathways in FIC pathogenesis. These results could provide a promising starting point for novel therapeutic approaches in the future

Comparison of Transmittance and Reflectance Pulse Oximetry in Anesthetized Dogs

Objectives: The tongue is the standard site for placement of a pulse oximeter probe but is difficult to access during certain procedures such as dental and ophthalmic procedures and computerized tomography of the head. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new-generation reflectance pulse oximeter using the tail and tibia as sites for probe attachment. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 client-owned dogs that underwent anesthesia for various reasons were premedicated with butorphanol (n = 50; 0.2 mg/kg; group BUT) or butorphanol and dexmedetomidine (n = 50; 5 μg/kg; group DEX), administered intravenously. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. A transmittance pulse oximeter probe was placed on the tongue and served as the reference standard. A reflectance probe was randomly placed on the tail base or the proximal tibia, and the position changed after testing. Signals from three consecutive measurements were obtained at each position. Failure was defined as “no signal,” “low signal,” or a pulse difference >10/min compared with the ECG heart rate. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test, and Bland-Altman analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In both groups (BUT and DEX), failure rate was higher when the tibia and tail were used as probe sites compared with the tongue. In both groups, the failure rate was higher for the tibia than for the tail. Dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction increased failure rate at all probe positions. Clinical Significance: The tail base, but not the tibia, is an acceptable position for reflectance pulse oximeter probes in dogs. The tongue remains the probe site of choice, if accessible

Ultrasonographic assessment of the caudal vena cava diameter in cats during blood donation

Objectives: Ultrasonography of the caudal vena cava (CVC) has been previously established to assess fluid status in dogs but not in cats. The aim of this study was to determine CVC diameter changes during feline blood donation. Methods: Inter- and intra-observer variability were assessed in 11 client-owned cats. Minimal and maximal CVC diameters were assessed longitudinally in the subxiphoid view (SV) and right paralumbar view (PV), and transversely in the right hepatic intercostal view (HV). Eighteen client-owned, healthy, anaesthetised cats were evaluated during 21 blood donation procedures of 10 ml/kg in the same anatomical locations before (T0) and after (T1) blood donation, and after volume resuscitation with 30 ml/kg lactated Ringer’s solution (T2). The CVC index was calculated. Results: Intra-observer variability was acceptable for all probe positions, except for the HV, whereas inter-observer variability was considered unacceptable for all probe positions. Complete measurements were obtained during 21 blood donations at T0, T1 and T2 at the SV, during 18/21 blood donations at the HV and during 16/21 blood donations at the PV. At the SV, the minimal CVC diameter between T1 and T2 (P <0.001), and the maximal CVC diameter between T0 and T1 and between T1 and T2 (P <0.001) were significantly different. At the HV, the minimal vertical diameter, maximal vertical diameter and minimal horizontal diameter were different between all timepoints (P <0.001). The maximal horizontal diameter was different between T1 and T2 (P = 0.002). At the PV, both diameters were different between all timepoints (P <0.001). The CVC index was not different between timepoints. Conclusion and relevance: Significant probe position dependent CVC diameter changes with marked overlap were observed before and after blood donation, and after fluid bolus. No absolute CVC diameter could be used to indicate hypovolaemia. Ultrasonographic assessment of the feline CVC is highly operator-dependent. The CVC index is not useful in cats

Postobstructive diuresis in cats with naturally occurring lower urinary tract obstruction: incidence, severity and association with laboratory parameters on admission

Objectives The objectives of this retrospective study were to investigate the actual incidence of postobstructive diuresis after relief of urethral obstruction in cats, as well as to identify changes in blood and urine parameters that might be associated with postobstructive diuresis (POD), and to assess the impact of fluid therapy. Methods The medical records of 57 male cats with urethral obstruction that were treated with an indwelling urinary catheter were retrospectively analysed. Absolute urine output in ml/kg/h every 4 h and the incidence of cats with polyuria (urine volume >2 ml/kg/h) at any time point over a 48 h period after the re-establishment of urine flow were investigated. In addition, postobstructive diuresis in relation to fluid therapy (PODFR) was defined as urine output greater than the administered amount of intravenous fluids on at least two subsequent time points. Polyuria and PODFR were investigated for their association with blood and urine laboratory parameters. Results After 4 h, 74.1% (40/54) of the cats had polyuria, with a urine output of >2 ml/kg/h. Metabolic acidosis was present in 46.2% of the cats. Venous blood pH and bicarbonate were inversely correlated with urine output in ml/kg/h after 4 h. The overall incidence of POD within 48 h of catheterisation was 87.7%. There was a significant correlation between intravenous fluid rate at time point x and urine output at time point x + 1 at all the time points except for the fluid rate at time point 0 and the urine output after 4 h. PODFR was seen in 21/57 cats (36.8%). Conclusions and relevance POD is a frequent finding in cats treated for urethral obstruction, and can be very pronounced. Further studies are required to determine whether or not a change in venous blood pH actually interferes with renal concentrating ability. The discrepancy between the frequency of cats with polyuria and PODFR (87.7% vs 36.8%) in the present study indicates that administered intravenous fluid therapy might be the driving force for the high incidence of polyuria in some cats with naturally occurring obstructive feline lower urinary tract disease