The association between demography, anthropometry, serum estrogen and breast density in patients having mammography in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in female. Report from Malaysia National Cancer Registry (NCR) 2002 showed that breast cancer account for 30.4% of all cancers followed by cervical cancer (12.4%). Many contributing factors have been identified to increase the risk of developing breast cancer. One of the factors is breast density. Dense breast tissue by mammography is associated both with epithelial proliferation and with stromal fibrosis. The relationship between these histological features and risk of breast cancer may be explained by the known actions of growth factors (hormones) that are thought to play important roles in breast development and carcinogenesis. The risk might be partly due to masking of tumors by dense tissue. Other factors such as nulliparity, late age at first birth, younger age, parity, age and duration of menopause, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy and serum estrogen may potentially affect breast cancer risk through their indirect effect on breast density. The aims of the study were to determine the characteristics of patients with mammography in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and to determine the independent variables associated with breast density. Methods and Materials: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted for one year duration from May 2004 to May 2005. Data were taken from patients who came formammography in Radiology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan during the study period. Data from 84 patients were collected. Results: Significant association noted between body mass index (p=0.033), parity (p=0.002) and breast density. Body mass index showed inverse relationship with breast density meaning that patients with higher body mass index had lower chance of being associated with dense breast. Results showed that for every one unit increase in body mass index, there is 0.86 times chance of association with dense breast. Inverse relationship also noted between parity and breast density. One unit increased in parity was associated with 31% reduction in chances of having dense breast (95% Cl, risk reduction range from 12% to 46% ). Serum estrogen however was not a significant independent variable for breast density. Conclusion: Body mass index and parity but not serum estrogens were significantly associated with breast parenchyma when adjusted for potential confounding factors

Numerical approach for the evaluation of hemodynamic behaviour in peripheral arterial disease : A systematic review

Reduced blood flow to the lower extremities causes peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is caused by atherosclerotic plaque in the arterial wall. If this impairment is not treated, it will result in severe vascular diseases like ulceration and gangrene. Previous research has shown that while evaluating the pathology of the peripheral artery, the assumption of the model geometry significantly impacts the uncertainty of the stenosis area. However, more work needs to be done to understand the interaction between mechanical better and flow conditions in the peripheral artery using a separate computer model of the cardiovascular system. This paper reviews the numerical approach on pre and post-treatment of hemodynamic behavior in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The goal of this study was to thoroughly examine the most recent developments with the application of computational studies in PAD from 2017 to 2022. While FSI investigation highlights the behavior of both the fluid and structure domains (blood and artery) during the numerical analysis of blood flow, CFD simulations primarily focus on the fluid domain (blood) behavior. Out of 92 research publications, 19 were appropriate for this assignment. This thorough study divides the publications into the categories of CFD, and FSI approaches. The results were then reviewed in accordance with the wall characteristic, analytical method, geometry, viscosity models, and validation. This paper summarizes the parameters of geometrical construction, viscosity models, analysis methods, and wall characteristics taken into consideration by the researchers to identify and simulate the blood flood flow in the stenosis area. These parameters are summarised in this study. Additionally, it could offer systematic data to help future studies produce better computational analyse

Mapping breast cancer research in Malaysia: a scientometric analysis

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of breast cancer researches in Malaysia. Besides, this study aimed to identify the trends of breast cancer research in Malaysia. This study retrieved 343 related publications from the Scopus database. After removing one duplicated publication and another two publications that did not meet the study criteria, the remaining 340 publications were analysed using a bibliometric analysis and trending keywords analysis. This study found that the annual growth rate of publications was 7.4%. The majority of the publications were research articles and multi-author. The most productive author was Yip CH with 69 publications, and the University of Malaya was the top institution in Malaysia related to this research area. For the last five years, there were no dominant themes in this research area. However, this study found two emerging clusters of breast cancer research in Malaysia, which related to medical data analytics and precision medicine in genomic breast cancer. Overall, breast cancer research in Malaysia is progressing towards a positive side, though a few improvements are needed. As the funding in this research area is scarce, proper allocation of the resources is needed

Effect Of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery To The Flow Behavior In Nasal During Resting Breathing Condition

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgery to removeuncinate process in order to restore sufficient sinus ventilation and drainagein nasal. However, there were a few cases with side effects such as facialpain, reduction in sense of smell and sinusitis reoccurrence of infection. Inthis study, the effect of uncinate process removal is investigated. Images ofthe model were done through computational technique and then the flowwas simulated to predict the effect of the removal. Inhalation processes withresting breathing condition were modeled. The results show that smoothflow was observed at nasal area which indicates successful surgical process.However for post FESS model the result shows that the possibilities ofsinusitis reoccurrence of infection were high. Finally, velocity profile in theolfactory area show non-favorable flow condition for effective smell senses

Effect Of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery To The Flow Behavior In Nasal During Resting Breathing Condition

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is a surgery to remove uncinate process in order to restore sufficient sinus ventilation and drainage in nasal. However, there were a few cases wit11 side effects such as facial pain, reduction in sense of smell and sinusitis reoccurrence of infection. In this study, the effect of uncinate process removal is investigated. Images of the model were done through computational technique and then the flow was simulated to predict the effect of the removal. Inhalation processes with resting breathing condition were modeled. The results &how that smooth flow was observed at nasal area which indicates successful surgical process. However for post FESS model the result shows that the possibilities of sinusitis reoccurrence of infection were high. Finally, velocity profile in the olfactory area show non-favorabIe flow condition for effective smell senses

Von Hippel–Lindau disease

Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder characterised by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumours. We report a case of VHL disease that was inherited by a daughter from her father, who both presented at a young age with progressive headache and were found to have a posterior fossa haemangioblastoma (HB) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multiple benign pancreatic and renal cysts were also noted in both patients

The effect of different locations of tracheal stenosis to the flow characteristics using reconstructed CT-scanned image

The presence of tracheal stenosis would alter the flow path of the inhaled and exhaled air and subsequently changed the flow behavior inside the trachea and main bronchi. Therefore, it was our aim to investigate and predict the changes of flow behavior along with the pressure distribution with respect to the presence of stenosis on the tracheal lumen. In this study, actual CT scan images were extracted for flow modeling purposes. The images were then reconstructed to mimic the effect of different stenosis locations. This method overcomes the problem of the absence of actual images for different tracheal stenosis locations. The flow was subjected to different breathing situations corresponding to low, moderate and rigorous activities. The results showed that for flow over the stenosis farthest from the bifurcation, the pressure drop was insignificant for all breathing situations. At the same time, the inlet flow rate at the bifurcation showed less air flows into the right lung as compared to healthy flow conditions. On the other hand, for the flow over stenosis closest to the bifurcation, the pressure drop near the bifurcation area was very significant at high flow rate

Clavicle Fracture and Subclavian Vessels Disruption with Massive Haemothorax Mimic Intrathoracic Injury

We report a case of open fracture of the clavicle with subclavian artery and vein laceration and perforation of the parietal pleural below the first rib that caused massive haemothorax. Emergency thoracotomy and exploration followed by repair of both vessels were able to salvage the patient and the extremity

Asymptomatic complete distal abdominal aortic occlusion with initial presentation of ruptured intracranial aneurysm

Aortoilliac occlusive disease is occlusive atherosclerosis disease involving the distal aorta and bifurcation of iliac arteries and it is a subtype of peripheral arterial disease. Total occlusion of the abdominal aorta is a rare occurrence with an incidence of 3% -8.5% among the aortoiliac occlusive disease patients. We present a case of a 53 years old patient with a background history of hypertension and ex intravenous drug abuser with negative retroviral screening status, with no previous complaints who was brought to the Emergency Department with sudden onset of altered sensorium and 1 episode of seizure. Computed tomography angiogram of the brain showed a ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Diagnostic conventional angiogram of the brain was planned; however, difficulty was encountered during bilateral femoral artery cannulation with the abrupt termination of bilateral common iliac arteries. Computed tomography angiogram of the abdomen showed incidental finding of total occlusion of the abdominal aorta. As a conclusion, total occlusion of abdominal aorta secondary to aortoiliac occlusive disease with an associated intracranial aneurysm is never reported in the literature to date. This case highlights the possibility of association in between these two conditions which may benefit from further research

Tualang honey adjunct with anastrozole improve parenchyma enhancement of breast tissue in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial

Background: To investigate whether the combination of anastrozole and Tualang honey (T honey) influences background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Methods: A total of 30 patients were recruited and randomly divided into control (anastrozole 1 mg daily) and intervention (anastrozole 1 mg + T honey 20 g daily). The BPE of the contralateral breast before and six months following treatment was compared using the sign test. Results: There was a decrease in BPE in 10% of the women (p = 0.317) who received only anastrozole, which resulted in a change of BPE category from moderate to mild. However, the combination of anastrozole and T honey evoked a decrease in BPE in 42% of the patients (p = 0.034). Conclusions: The combination of T honey and anastrozole maybe more efficacious than anastrozole alone in decreasing breast BPE in breast cancer patients. These findings support the medicinal value of T honey as an adjuvant treatment to anastrozole. Keywords: Anastrozole, Breast cancer, Honey, MR