2,348 research outputs found
Growth of layered LuFeO and LuFeO single crystals exhibiting long-range charge order via the optical floating-zone method
We report the controlled growth of single crystals of intercalated layered
LuFeO (=1,2) with different oxygen
stoichiometries . For the first time crystals sufficiently
stoichiometric to exhibit superstructure reflections in X-ray diffraction
attributable to charge ordering were obtained. The estimated correlation
lengths tend to be smaller than for not intercalated LuFeO. For LuFeO, two different superstructures were observed, one an
incommensurate zigzag pattern similar to previous observations by electron
diffraction, the other an apparently commensurate pattern with
() propagation. Implications for the possible charge
order in the bilayers are discussed. Magnetization measurements suggest reduced
magnetic correlations and the absence of an antiferromagnetic phase.Comment: 7pages, 7figure
Effective Capacity in Cognitive Radio Broadcast Channels
In this paper, we investigate effective capacity by modeling a cognitive
radio broadcast channel with one secondary transmitter (ST) and two secondary
receivers (SRs) under quality-of-service constraints and interference power
limitations. We initially describe three different cooperative channel sensing
strategies with different hard-decision combining algorithms at the ST, namely
OR, Majority, and AND rules. Since the channel sensing occurs with possible
errors, we consider a combined interference power constraint by which the
transmission power of the secondary users (SUs) is bounded when the channel is
sensed as both busy and idle. Furthermore, regarding the channel sensing
decision and its correctness, there exist possibly four different transmission
scenarios. We provide the instantaneous ergodic capacities of the channel
between the ST and each SR in all of these scenarios. Granting that
transmission outage arises when the instantaneous transmission rate is greater
than the instantaneous ergodic capacity, we establish two different
transmission rate policies for the SUs when the channel is sensed as idle. One
of these policies features a greedy approach disregarding a possible
transmission outage, and the other favors a precautious manner to prevent this
outage. Subsequently, we determine the effective capacity region of this
channel model, and we attain the power allocation policies that maximize this
region. Finally, we present the numerical results. We first show the
superiority of Majority rule when the channel sensing results are good. Then,
we illustrate that a greedy transmission rate approach is more beneficial for
the SUs under strict interference power constraints, whereas sending with lower
rates will be more advantageous under loose interference constraints.Comment: Submitted and Accepted to IEEE Globecom 201
Effective Capacity in Multiple Access Channels with Arbitrary Inputs
In this paper, we consider a two-user multiple access fading channel under
quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. We initially formulate the transmission
rates for both transmitters, where the transmitters have arbitrarily
distributed input signals. We assume that the receiver performs successive
decoding with a certain order. Then, we establish the effective capacity region
that provides the maximum allowable sustainable arrival rate region at the
transmitters' buffers under QoS guarantees. Assuming limited transmission power
budgets at the transmitters, we attain the power allocation policies that
maximize the effective capacity region. As for the decoding order at the
receiver, we characterize the optimal decoding order regions in the plane of
channel fading parameters for given power allocation policies. In order to
accomplish the aforementioned objectives, we make use of the relationship
between the minimum mean square error and the first derivative of the mutual
information with respect to the power allocation policies. Through numerical
results, we display the impact of input signal distributions on the effective
capacity region performance of this two-user multiple access fading channel
Performance Analysis of Energy-Detection-Based Massive SIMO
Recently, communications systems that are both energy efficient and reliable
are under investigation. In this paper, we concentrate on an
energy-detection-based transmission scheme where a communication scenario
between a transmitter with one antenna and a receiver with significantly many
antennas is considered. We assume that the receiver initially calculates the
average energy across all antennas, and then decodes the transmitted data by
exploiting the average energy level. Then, we calculate the average symbol
error probability by means of a maximum a-posteriori probability detector at
the receiver. Following that, we provide the optimal decision regions.
Furthermore, we develop an iterative algorithm that reaches the optimal
constellation diagram under a given average transmit power constraint. Through
numerical analysis, we explore the system performance
Design of a Cognitive VLC Network with Illumination and Handover Requirements
In this paper, we consider a cognitive indoor visible light communications
(VLC) system, comprised of multiple access points serving primary and secondary
users through the orthogonal frequency division multiple access method. A
cognitive lighting cell is divided into two non-overlapping regions that
distinguish the primary and secondary users based on the region they are
located in. Under the assumption of equal-power allocation among subcarriers,
each region is defined in terms of its physical area and the number of
allocated subcarriers within that region. In this paper, we provide the
lighting cell design with cognitive constraints that guarantee fulfilling
certain illumination, user mobility, and handover requirements in each cell. We
further argue that, under some conditions, a careful assignment of the
subcarriers in each region can mitigate the co-channel interference in the
overlapping areas of adjacent cells. Numerical results depict the influence of
different system parameters, such as user density, on defining both regions.
Finally, a realistic example is implemented to assess the performance of the
proposed scheme via Monte Carlo simulations
Global Trade Models and Economic Policy Analyses: Relevance, Risks and Repercussions for Africa
Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are widely used for trade policy analyses and recommendations. Simulation results from these models have also been used as a basis for offering advice to African countries on what positions to take in multilateral trade negotiations. There is however increasing discomfort with the use of these models for policy recommendations, especially in Africa. In this paper we compare the results of several CGE studies that examined the impact of potential Doha Round reforms on Africa and demonstrate that the results differ drastically both in terms of magnitude and direction. Part of the discrepancies in results can be explained by differences in database, model structure, and choice of parameters. Others are, however, difficult to explain because several studies either do not report key assumptions made or do not provide a clear description of how their framework differs from those in the literature. We also show that the modelling approach and the database used in most CGE studies do not take account of key features of African economies that have serious implications for the impact of trade reforms on Africa. Finally, we outline potential consequences of the misuse of CGE models for policy evaluation and suggest pitfalls to avoid if CGE model results are to be taken seriously by policy makers in Africa.Trade Reforms; CGE Models; Doha Round; Africa
Financing Development in Africa: Trends, Issues and Challenges
Access to finance is critical to successful development in Africa. This paper presents recent trends in various aspects of development finance and provides a critical assessment of the costs of meeting the Millennium Development Goals in the region. It also examines recent proposals for financing the MDGs. Furthermore, it examines the key international commitments made to Africa as well as the extent to which donors have fulfilled these commitments. Finally, it examines issues and challenges arising from recent initiatives on aid and debt.Development; Finance; MDGs; Africa; Trends
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