Absorbent particles, especially catamenials, having improved fluid directionality, comfort and fit

Absorbent articles, especially sanitary napkins, contain fibers with intra-fiber capillary channels. In-use, the capillary channel fibers direct menses to a storage layer, thereby minimizing product failure and staining of undergarments. The capillary channel fibers can protrude into, or through, a topsheet to provide very aggressive transport of vaginal discharges

In-situ USAXS/SAXS Investigation of Tunable Structural Color in Amorphous Photonic Crystals during Electrophoretic Deposition

Amorphous photonic crystals (APCs) formed via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) exhibit non-iridescent, angle-independent, structural colors believed to arise from changes in the particle-particle interactions and inter-particle spacing, representing a potential new paradigm for display technologies. However, inter-particle dynamics on nanometer length scales that govern (and enable control over) the displayed color, crystallinity, and other characteristics of the photonic structures, are not well understood. Unfortunately, typical lab-based characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, and Computed Tomography (CT) are generally performed ex-situ once the sample deposit has been dried. In this work, in-situ USAXS/SAXS/WAXS studies of three-dimensional colloidal particle arrays (of varying particle size and concentration) were performed in order to identify their structural response to applied external electric fields. This data was compared to simultaneously acquired UV-Vis spectra to tie the overall electrically induced structure of the APCs directly to the observed changes in visible color. The structural evolution of the APCs provides new information regarding the correlation between nano-scale particle-particle interactions and the corresponding optical response. To our knowledge, there has been no other prior studies examining the structure of APCs during the application of an electric field. This novel, in-situ USAXS study has helped to gain a better fundamental understanding of how the properties of APCs can be controlled for the advancement of optical displays. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-725437-DRAF

Absorbent articles, especially catamenials, having improved fluid directionality

The present invention provides absorbent articles, especially sanitary napkins, containing a fluid transport layer. In-use, the transport layer directs menses to a storage layer, thereby minimizing product failure and staining of undergarments. The transport layer can protrude into, or through, a topsheet to provide very aggressive transport of vaginal discharges. Preferably, the transport layer is a layer of fibers having external capillary channels

Methods of calculating the transient performance of induction motors when connected in power systems

Imperial Users onl

Power Industry Reliability Coordination in Asia in a Market Environment

This paper addresses the problems of power supply reliability in a market environment. The specific features of economic interrelations between the power supply organization and consumers in terms of reliability assurance are examined and the principles of providing power supply reliability are formulated. The economic mechanisms of coordinating the interests of power supply organization and consumers to provide power supply reliability are discussed. Reliability of restructuring China’s power industry is introduced. Some reliability data is provided. The data shows that the reliability level has increased significantly in the past two decades. More and more measures are being applied to guarantee reliability of the restructured power systems. The reliability issues and challenges that are facing the Chinese power industry are considered The paper, then examines the evolution of power grids in India, the establishment of a regulatory framework, and operational philosophy in reliability aspects of long-, mid- as well as short-term (operational / outage) planning. Grid security, restoration, and mock trial for black start, etc. from the reliability angle are considered. Related issues for islanding operation to improve service reliability for Thailand’s Electric Power System are then analyzed