The effect of some flavonoids on paraoxonase-1 activity

زمینه و هدف: پاراکسوناز-1 آنزیم وابسته به کلسیم می باشد که با HDL باند می گردد و با داشتن قابلیت جلوگیری از اکسیداسیون LDL نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از اترواسکلروزیس ایفا می کند. به نظر می رسد که آنتی اکسیدان های مختلف مثل فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم پاراکسوناز موثر می باشند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر برخی از فلاونوئیدها بر میزان فعالیت سرمی آنزیم پاراکسوناز انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، ابتدا تعداد 45 عدد موش صحرایی از نژاد ویستار به 9 گروه 5 تایی تقسیم شدند. به گروه 1 به عنوان گروه های شاهد روزانه 1 میلی لیتر محلول آب و اتانول 25 داده شد. به گروه های 2 تا 5 مقدار 5/7 میلی گرم و گروه های 6 تا 9 مقدار 15 میلی گرم از یکی از فلاونوییدهای کوئرستین، میریستین، گالانژین و کامپفرول به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به علاوه 1 میلی لیتر اتانول 25 خورانده شد. میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم بین گروه ها در اثر مداخلات انجام شده در بین گروه ها مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: تفاوت میانگین تغییرات فعالیت آنزیم PON-1 قبل و بعد از تیمار بین همه گروه ها در هر دو دوز 5/7 و 15 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم وزن بدن معنی دار بود (

Depressive symptoms and psychological distress from antenatal to postnatal period in women with high-risk pregnancy: A prospective study during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental disorders in postnatal period remains unknown. Aim: The study aimed to determine the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate depressive symptoms and psychological distress of women with high-risk pregnancy in postnatal period. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on women with complicated pregnancies from antenatal to postnatal period. In the first phase, from December 2019 to January 2020 (before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic), 122 pregnant women filled in the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Brief Symptom Inventory 53-items (BSI-53). In the second phase, with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic from February to June, 30% of the participants (41/122) completed three questionnaires: EPDS, BSI-53, and the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale in postpartum period. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, from antenatal to postnatal period, the depression score of EPDS, total scores, all the subscales of BSI-53, and global severity index-53 increased in women with high-risk pregnancy. Furthermore, the persistence of antenatal depression occurred in 85.7% of the participants, and the onset of postnatal depression occurred in 80% of them. About 12% of the women also experienced PTSD symptoms during the postnatal period. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic may aggravate the prevalence and persistence of postnatal depression in women with high-risk pregnancy. The study calls for clinical implementation to identify and help women with mental disorders in postnatal period, especially women experiencing complicated pregnancies

A Psychosocial Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Postnatal Depression in Women with Complicated Pregnancy

Introduction: Few studies have reported the role of psychosocial risk factors by a validated scale in predicting mental disorders in women with a complicated pregnancy. This study investigated the role of a psychosocial risk assessment tool in the prediction of postnatal depression in women with a complicated pregnancy. Methods: A prospective study was performed on pregnant women with complicated pregnancies from December, 2019, to June, 2020. A total of 125 pregnant women filled the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 53 items (BSI-53). Also, the patients completed EPDS for 6 weeks postpartum. An expert mental specialist conducted the interviews based on the DSM-5. Results: More than half of the women with complicated pregnancies were diagnosed to have at least one mental disorder. The mean risk scores of ANRQ, including the childhood social support from the respondent’s mother, history of mental illness, perceived level of support available postpartum, significant life events in the past 12 months, and personality traits with high anxiety, were higher in women with mental disorders than those without mental disorders. The results emphasized that the total score of ANRQ was the strongest positive predictor for postnatal depression score of EPDS (β = 0.569, p=<0.001), total score of BSI-53 (β = 0.666 p=<0.001), and GSI (β = 0.237, p=0.019). Conclusion: The study proposes that the use of a validated psychosocial risk assessment tool alongside a psychological screening tool, like EPDS, is reliable for the prediction of mental disorders and help women with complicated pregnancy at risk for the prevention of depression at antenatal visits

Screening of psychiatric disorders in women with high-risk pregnancy: Accuracy of three psychological tools

Purpose: This study investigated the optimal cutoff points of three psychological tools for screening psychiatric disorders in women with high-risk pregnancy. Design and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (N = 155), sensitivity/specificity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Brief Symptom Inventory 53-items (BSI-53), and the BSI-18 were computed with respect to having a psychiatric diagnosis based on the clinical interview. Results: The usual cutoffs (≥13 for EPDS, T-score of 63 for BSI-53) demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy. The optimal thresholds were computed for EPDS cutoff of 6.5, GSI = 0.47 for BSI-53, and GSI = 0.5 for BSI-18. Practice Implications: The use of psychological tools among pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy may need to be modified in order to accurately identify psychiatric disorders

Screening of psychiatric disorders in women with high-risk pregnancy: Accuracy of three psychological tools

PURPOSE: This study investigated the optimal cutoff points of three psychological tools for screening psychiatric disorders in women with high‐risk pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this cross‐sectional study (N = 155), sensitivity/specificity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Brief Symptom Inventory 53‐items (BSI‐53), and the BSI‐18 were computed with respect to having a psychiatric diagnosis based on the clinical interview. RESULTS: The usual cutoffs (≥13 for EPDS, T‐score of 63 for BSI‐53) demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy. The optimal thresholds were computed for EPDS cutoff of 6.5, GSI = 0.47 for BSI‐53, and GSI = 0.5 for BSI‐18. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of psychological tools among pregnant women with high‐risk pregnancy may need to be modified in order to accurately identify psychiatric disorders