اثربخشی فعالیت بدنی بر میزان مثبت‌نگری دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه جهرم

Background and aim: One of the personality traits that can somehow be effective in reducing the stress of student life is optimism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on improving optimism among female students of Jahrom University. Methods: The study was descriptive and causal-comparative. The population was all female students of Jahrom University which 90 female students were selected by random cluster (45 physical education students and 45 non-physical education students). To collect information, demographic characteristics questionnaire and optimism questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, independent t-tests, and SPSS software (version 16) were used. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between active and inactive girls in the scales of relationship with God (P= 0.001), relationship with others (P= 0.001), relationship with nature (P= 0.001). In the self-relationship scale, although active girls scored better, but there was no significant difference between active and inactive girls (P= 0.06). Conclusion: In general, the results showed that active girls have a higher degree of optimism. It means that physical education courses and the level of physical activity of girls in the field of physical education have affected their optimism.سابقه و هدف: یکی از ویژگی­های شخصیتی که به نوعی می‌­تواند در کاهش فشارهای روانی دوران دانشجویی موثر باشد، مثبت‌­نگری است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثر فعالیت بدنی بر بهبود مثبت‌‌نگری دانشجویان دختر بود. روش کار: تحقیق حاضر، توصیفی و از نوع علی- مقایسه‌­ای بود. جامعه آماری آن را کلیه دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه جهرم تشکیل دادند که از بین آنها 90 دانشجوی دختر (45 دانشجوی تربیت بدنی و 45 دانشجوی غیر تربیت بدنی) به روش نمونه‌­گیری تصادفی- خوشه‌­ای وارد تحقیق شدند. جهت جمع‌­آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه ویژگی­های جمعیت‌­شناختی و پرسشنامه مثبت‌­نگری استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌­ها با آزمون­های آماری کلموگروف- اسمیرنوف و تی مستقل و با کمک نرم‌­افزار SPSS16 انجام شد. یافته­‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌­داری در مقیاس­های ارتباط با خدا (P=0/001)، ارتباط با دیگران (P=0/001)، ارتباط با طبیعت (P=0/001) بین دختران فعال و غیرفعال وجود دارد. اما در مقیاس ارتباط با خود، هر چند دختران فعال نمره بهتری کسب کردند اما تفاوت معنی‌­داری بین دو گروه دختر فعال و غیرفعال وجود نداشت (P=0/06). نتیجه‌گیری: به‌­طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که دختران فعال از میزان مثبت‌­نگری بیشتری نسبت به دختران غیرفعال برخوردارند. این نتیجه گواه بر آن است که ماهیت دروس رشته تربیت بدنی و افزایش فعالیت بدنی در دختران تربیت بدنی، توانسته بر بهبود مثبت‌­نگری آنها اثر مثبت بگذارد

Voluntary Exercise Prevents Lead-Induced Elevation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers in Male Rat Blood

Regular mild exercise enhances antioxidant and anti-inflammatory systems of the body. The present study investigates voluntary exercise effects on lead toxicity as a known oxidative stressor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Sedentary control: the animals were housed 7 weeks in the regular cages. Exercise group: the animals were housed 7 weeks in the running wheel equipped cages, that is, the animal model of voluntary exercise. During the 7th week, all animals were administered lead acetate. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 6th week and 7th week (before and after lead administrations). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) were measured in the samples. Our results showed that lead administration reduced blood SOD, GPx and CAT and increased TNF-; in the controls, but in the exercise group, changes were not statistically significant. MDA in both groups increased after lead injections but it was significantly lower in exercise group compared to the sedentary animals. We concluded that voluntary exercise may be considered as a preventive tool against lead-induced oxidative stress and inflammation

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 between Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Pediatric Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study from Iranian Network for Research in Viral

Introduction: To date, little is known about the clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Objective: Herein, we aimed to describe the differences in demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, clinical presentations, and outcomes of Iranian pediatric COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU versus those in non-ICU settings. Methods: This multicenter investigation involved 15 general and pediatrics hospitals and included cases with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection based on positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to these centers between March and May 2020, during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Results: Overall, 166 patients were included, 61 (36.7%) of whom required ICU admission. The highest number of admitted cases to ICU were in the age group of 1–5 years old. Malignancy and heart diseases were the most frequent underlying conditions. Dyspnea was the major symptom for ICU-admitted patients. There were significant decreases in PH, HCO3 and base excess, as well as increases in creatinine, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and potassium levels between ICU-admitted and non-ICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and acute cardiac injury were the most common features among ICU-admitted patients. The mortality rate in the ICU-admitted patients was substantially higher than non-ICU cases (45.9% vs. 1.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions: Underlying diseases were the major risk factors for the increased ICU admissions and mortality rates in pediatric COVID-19 patients. There were few paraclinical parameters that could differentiate between pediatrics in terms of prognosis and serious outcomes of COVID-19. Healthcare providers should consider children as a high-risk group, especially those with underlying medical conditions

Effect of acute lithium administration on penile erection: involvement of nitric oxide system

Background: Lithium has been the treatment of choice for bipolar disorder (BD) for many years. Although erectile dysfunction is a known adverse effect of this drug, the mechanism of action by which lithium affects erectile function is still unknown. Objective: The aim was to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in modulatory effect of lithium on penile erection (PE). We further evaluated the possible role of Sildenafil in treatment of lithium-induced erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Erectile function was determined using rat model of apomorphine-induced erections. For evaluating the effect of lithium on penile erection, rats received intraperitoneal injection of graded doses of lithium chloride 30 mins before subcutaneous injection of apomorphine. To determine the possible role of NO pathway, sub-effective dose of N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, was administered 15 min before administration of sub-effective dose of lithium chloride. In other separate experimental groups, sub- effective dose of the nitric oxide precursor, L-arginine, or Sildenafil was injected into the animals 15 min before administration of a potent dose of lithium. 30 min after administration of lithium chloride, animals were assessed in apomorphine test. Serum lithium levels were measured 30 min after administration of effective dose of lithium. Results: Lithium at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly decreased number of PE (p<0.001), whereas at lower doses (5, 10 and 30 mg/kg) had no effect on apomorphine induced PE. The serum Li+ level of rats receiving 50 mg/kg lithium was 1±0.15 mmol/L which is in therapeutic range of lithium. The inhibitory effect of Lithium was blocked by administration of sub-effective dose of nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (100 mg/kg) (p<0.001) and sildenafil (3.5 mg/kg) (p<0.001) whereas pretreatment with a low and sub-effective dose of L-NAME (10mg/kg) potentiated sub-effective dose of lithium, (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest acute treatments with lithium cause erectile dysfunction in an in-vivo rat model. Furthermore it seems that the NO pathway might play role in erectile dysfunction associated with lithium treatment. Findings also suggest that Sildenafil may be effective in treatment of lithium-associated erectile dysfunction

تاثير کوتاه‌مدت مکمل کراتين بر عملكرد سرعتي و ميزان دفع کراتين ادراري فوتساليست‌هاي غيرحرفه‌اي

Background and aim: Today, creatine supplementation is used as a very widely used energy source to improve athletic performance. &nbsp;The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint exercise performance (100m and 6×60 m) and urinary creatine exertion in amateur futsal players. Methods: Twenty-two futsal players (male students) were selected from the available samples and randomly assigned to creatine and placebo groups. The creatine group intakes 20 gr creatine monohydrate daily (5 gr in four times), while the placebo group intakes 20 gr dextrose daily (5 gr in four times) simultaneously. Before and after the 7-day period, urine samples and sprint performance (100 m and 6×60 m) were recorded. Dependent and independent t-test were used for data analysis (P≤0.05). Results: In the creatine group, creatine supplementation in the 100 m material significantly reduced the subjects' record (P=0.01). In the experimental group, the rate of urinary creatine excretion in the post-test was significantly higher than in the pre-test (P=0.001), while in the placebo group there was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05). Also, the amount of post-test urinary creatine in the creatine group was significantly higher than the placebo group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Creatine supplementation seems to improve sprint performance. However, the effect of creatine on speed performance is still unclear and accurate scientific commentary in this field needs further research.سابقه و هدف: امروزه از مکمل کراتین به عنوان یک ماده نیروزای بسیار پرکاربرد در بهبود اجرای ورزشی استفاده&nbsp; می­‌شود. هدف تحقيق حاضر بررسي تاثير کوتاه‌­مدت مکمل کراتين بر عملکرد دوهاي سرعت 100 متر و 60 ×6 متر و ميزان دفع کراتين ادراري فوتساليست­‌هاي آماتور بود. &nbsp; روش کار: تعداد 22 نفر از بازيکنان فوتساليست مرد دانشگاهي بصورت نمونه‌­های دردسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفي در دو گروه کراتين و دارونما قرار داده شدند. گروه کراتين هر روز 20 گرم کراتين را در چهار وعده 5 گرمي و گروه دارونما همزمان چهار وعده 5 گرمي آرد گندم مصرف می­‌کردند. قبل و بعد از دوره 7 روزه، نمونه ادراري و ركورد مواد 100 متر و 60 ×6 متر ثبت شدند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌­ها آزمون آماري t وابسته و t مستقل استفاده شد (P≤0.05). یافته‌­ها: در گروه كراتين، مکمل كراتين در ماده 100 متر به‌طور معناداري موجب كاهش ركورد آزمودني­‌ها گرديد (P=0.01). در گروه تجربي، ميزان دفع كراتين ادراري در زمان پس‌­آزمون به‌­طور معناداري بيشتر از پيش‌­آزمون بود (P=0.001)، در حالي كه در گروه دارونما تفاوت معناداري مشاهده نشد (05/0P&gt;). همچنين ميزان كراتين ادراري پس‌­آزمون گروه كراتين به‌­طور معنادري بيشتر از گروه دارونما بود (P&gt;0.05). نتیجه­‌گیری: بنظر می‌­رسد مکمل کراتین عملکرد دو سرعتی را بهبود می­‌دهد. با این حال تاثير كراتين بر اجراي سرعتي هنوز داراي ابهام بوده و اظهارنظر علمي دقيق در اين زمينه نياز به تحقيقات بيشتر دارد

Effects of 4 week endurance training on PGC-1α expression in adipose tissue, ANGPTL8 serum concentrations and beta cells function of STZ diabetic rats

Background & Objective: Angiopoietin-like Proteins 8 (ANGPTL8) which secreted form adipose tissue due to downstream PGC-1α pathways, is the main factor for regeneration of beta cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 endurance training program on PGC-1α expression in adipose tissue, ANGPTL8 serum concentration and beta cell function (HOMA.B) in diabetic rats. Materials & methods: Male Wistar rats (N=24) divided in 3 groups include healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC) and endurance training (ET). After induction of diabetes with STZ, training groups performed 4 weeks endurance training and real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) method used for the relative expression of PGC-1α in visceral adipose tissue, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measuring serum ANGPTL8 levels. Also beta cell number was counted with pancreases hematoxylin-eosin evaluation. Results analyzed with ANOVA. Results: The relative expression of mRNA PGC-1α was significantly increased in ET (P=0.001). Although ANGPTL8 levels increased in ET group, this change wasn’t significant (P=0.47). HOMA.B didn’t showed any significant change in ET (P=.0.08) but the number of beta cells in this group significantly increased (P=0.001). There was a positive correlation between relative mRNA PGC-1α and ANGPTL8 levels. Conclusion: Despite the positive and significant correlation between relative expression of mRNA PGC-1α and ANGPTL8, this increase wasn’t significant, but this could increases the number of beta cell in endurance training group. Further studies with differences training programs are recommended