Comparison of Intensive Care Unit and General Wards Nurses’ Emotional Reactions and Health Status

AbstractBackground and aim:  Nurses in their work settings are exposed to pain,suffer and death of their patients which may affect their health status and emotional reactions . This study aimed to compare ICU and general wards’ nurses health status and emotional reactions .Method and materials.  This is a descriptive- cross sectional study which was performed on 103 intensive care unit nurses and 210 nurses in general wards in two of Baqhiatalah (a.j) university hospitals in 2010. The sample of the study was selected by systematic random sampling method’. Data were collected by GHQ12 &DASS21 questionnaires to evaluate emotional reactions and general health status of nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS15 software descriptive analytical statistics such as chi-square tests.Results:  On average, 33% of nurses in the study had stress 33.9%, anxiety and 30.8% depression range of mild to very severe and showed that only was more depression in the intensive care units nursing (P <0.05).Although About 30% of nurses general health are not desirable in terms and the difference was not statistically significant in two groups of nurses studied.Conclusion:  The results demonstrated that approximately ⅓ of both groups intensive care units and other wards nurses had general health are not desirable in terms and at least one of emotional reactions (stress, anxiety or depression) even was more depression in the intensive care units nursing. Given the importance of nursing due and patient care, Management measures to assess and control factors to this problem is necessary.Keywords: general health, emotional reactions, nurse, intensive care unit

Effects of communication skills educational intervention of Mothers of

 Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders in children. In regard withthe importance effect of appropriate communication among parents specially mothers and children, on mental health of children, this study investigated the effects of communication skills training for mothers on anxiety levels of school students in Tehran. Methods and Material: In a quasi-experimental study, 114 students in first grade class, in an area in Tehranand their mothers were included. Before the intervention , children's anxiety was assessed by using the School Anxiety Scale –Teacher report (SAS-TR (SAS-TR), and mothers' communication skills was measured by Queendom communication skills questionnaire. The mothers of the children in intervention group were provided a communication skills education program. Mothers of the children in control group were also provided with communication skills education after completion of the study. Two month after the educational intervention mothers' communicational skills and their children's anxiety in two groups were assessed by two questionnaires and compared with pre intervention stage. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Findings: Wilcoxon statistical test showed a significant decrease in anxiety scores of children of mothers ofintervention group (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found between pre and post educational intervention anxiety scores in control group. Mean scores of mothers' communicational skills was (114.± 8/9) before Intervention which significantly increased after educational program (p<0.05). Conclusion: Anxiety of students is in primary school has a high incidence, diagnosis and early treatmentcould prevent future complications. According to this study findings , communication skills training for mothers is an effective way to reduce the anxiety students. Keywords: Anxiety, student, teacher, School anxiety scale - teacher report (SAS-TR), communication skills trainin

The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnant women's general health

Background: Pregnancy may be accompanied by serious physiological and psychological changes as it is a stressful period in a woman's life. So, this study was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnant women's general health. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 primigravida women admitted to the prenatal clinic of selected hospitals in Iran constituted the study population. Using purposive sampling method, the level of general health of the women was measured with General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Then, the samples were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Three 1.5–2 h relaxation training sessions were held for the experimental group. After 8 weeks, the level of general health of both groups was measured again. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using Chi-square and paired t-test (P < 0.05). Results: Total mean score of general health of the experimental group and the control group before the intervention was 35.83 (6.92) and 29.46 (8.3), respectively, and after the intervention, the respective scores were 20.2 (5.61) and 27.85 (8.24). Although after the intervention both groups showed an increased level of general health, the difference in general health between before and after intervention was significant in the experimental group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, comparison of variations in mean scores of general health level before and after intervention in the two groups showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Given that the results showed the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnant women's general health, the prenatal clinics can include a training program for progressive muscle relaxation in the routine training programs for pregnant women

The effect of exercise on level of general health of pregnant women

AbstractBackground and aim:Prenatal care is one of the most confident and basic services to protect fetomaternalhealth. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on level of generalhealth of pregnant women.Materials and Methods:This was a quasi-experimental clinical trial study. The research samplesincluded 60 primigravid women referred to the prenatal-care clinic of Baghiatallah hospital inTehran. The participants were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups. Theexperimental group was trained for 1.5-2 hours in groups with 3 to 4 members and then they beganto practice. No training was performed for control group. Level of general health of two groups wasinvestigated by general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), before and 8 weeks after the intervention.Data were analyzed by analytic and descriptive statistical testes.Findings:Sixty primigravid women with average age of 26/77 years and average gestational age of8/13 weeks participated in the study. The education level of majority of participants was highschooldiploma and they have no history of exercise during pregnancy. Before intervention, the total scoresfor GHQ were 38/06 and 29/46 in experimental and control groups, respectively. After intervention,the total scores were 19/2 and 27/5 in experimental and control groups, respectively. T test showed asignificant difference between two groups his before and after the intervention (p&lt;0/05). The meanscores for all dimension of general health showed significant difference between two groups ofstudy (p&lt;0/05).Conclusion:Results showed the positive effects of physical exercises on physical and psychosocialdimension of general health of pregnant women.Keywords:Pregnant women, Physical exercise, General healthCorresponding Author:Azam Sadeghi, Master of Science in Nursing, Akhtar Hospital, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,IranEmail: [email protected] R Pelaez M Montejo R et al (2011). Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal health perception: Arandomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 204 (5) 402. E1-7.-Dabiran S Hatmi ZN (2005). [New approach to exercise in pregnancy].Journal of Tehran University of MedicalScience. 63 (12) 974-979. (Persian)-Dumas G Reid J Wolf L Griffin M et al (1995). Exercise, posture and back pain during pregnancy. ClinicalBiomechanics. 10 (2) 98-103.-Ebrahimi A Molavi H Moosavi G et al (2007). Psychometric properties and factor structure of general healthquestionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) in Iranian psychiatric patients.Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences. 5 (1) 5-11(Persian)-Gibbons P Arevalo H Mnico M (2004). Assessing of the factor structure and reliability of the 28 item version of theGeneral Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in El Salvador. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology. 4(2) 389-398-Goodwin A Astbury J McMeeken J (2000). Body image and psychological well-being in pregnancy. A comparison ofexercisers and non-exercisers.The University of Melbourne, Victoria, The .Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal ofObstetrics Gynaecology.40 (4) 442-7.-Kazemi A Ahmadi P (2007). [Correlation of physical activity in first 20 week of pregnancy and preeclampsia]. Journalof Shahrecord University of Medical Science. 9 (2) 20-27 (Persian)-Larsson S lord Lindquist PG (2005). Low impact exercise during pregnancy, a study of safety. ACTA Obstetricia etGynecologica Scandinavica, 84 (1) 34-38&gt;15/ ... F#&gt; G - 00 9 !- B&gt; -Leiferman J Evenson K (2003). The effect of regular leisure physical activity on birth outcomes. Maternal &amp; ChildHealth Journal. 7 (1) 59-64-Masoodzade A Khalilian A Ashrafi M et al (2002). Survey of status of psychology health of students of Sari highschool. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science. 14 (45) 74-82 (Persian).-Melzer K Schutz Y Boulvain M et al. (2010). Physical activity and pregnancy: cardiovascular adaptations,recommendations and pregnancy outcomes. 40 (6) 493-507.-Memari A Ramimi T Amini M et al (2006). The effect of aerobic exercise on pregnancy and outcome. Hayat.12 (3) 35-41 (Persian).-Moslemi Haghighi F Kazemi B (2000). [The relationship of low back pain with gravida and delivery]. Journal QazvinUniversity of Medical Science. 4 (3) 46-51. (Persian)-Motahhari Tabari N Mirdar Sh Khaledan A et al (2010). [The effect of Aerobic Exercise on pregnancy outcome].Journal of Babol University of Medical Science. 12 (1) 36-43 (Persian)-Sedaghati P Arjmand A Sedaghati N (2006). [Does regular ergometric training have any effect on pregnancyoutcome?] Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 16 (3) 325-331(Persian)-Sedaghati P (2004). [Influence of a period of regular physical exercise on anxiety of pregnant women in second andthird trimester in Qom]. Master Thesis of physical education. Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University(Persian)-Sehatie Shafai F Sadeghi khamene S Kushavar H et al (2006). [Lifestyle and its correlation with outcomes ofpregnancy in pregnant women referred to educational hospitals of Tabriz]. Nursing and Midwifery Journal of Tabriz. 1(3) 28-32 (Persian)-Shivakumar G Brandon AR, Snell PG et al (2011). Antenatal depression: a rationale for studying exercise. Depressionand anxaeity. 28 (3) 234-42.-Sorensen T Williams M Lee I et al (2005). Recreational physical activity during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia.Hypertension. 41(6) 1273-80-Stora (2007). [Tension or stress: New Disease of Civilization], Translated by Dadsetan P, 2nd edition, Tehran, RoshdPublication. 179-186 (Persian)-Zand S Zamani A (2009). [The effect of simple exercise maneuvers and proper performance of daily activity onoutcome of pregnancy]. Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Infertility of Iran. 12(3).51-57. (Persian

The School Anxiety Scale-Teacher Report (SAS-TR): translation and psychometric properties of the Iranian version

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The School Anxiety Scale-Teacher Report (SAS-TR) was designed to assess anxiety in children at school. The SAS-TR is a proxy rated measure and could assess social anxiety, generalized anxiety and also gives a total anxiety score. This study aimed to translate and validate the SAS-TR in Iran.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The translation and cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire were carried out in accordance with the published guidelines. A sample of students participated in the study. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and test-retest analysis. Validity was assessed using content validity. The factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In all 200 elementary students aged 6 to 10 years were studied. Considering the recommended cut-off values, overall the prevalence of high anxiety condition in elementary students was found to be 21 %. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Iranian SAS-TR was 0.92 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.81. The principal component analysis indicated a two-factor structure for the questionnaire (generalized and social anxiety) that jointly accounted for 55.3 % of variances observed. The confirmatory factory analysis also indicated a good fit to the data for the two-latent structure of the questionnaire.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In general the findings suggest that the Iranian version of SAS-TR has satisfactory reliability, and validity for measuring anxiety in 6 to 10 years old children in Iran. It is simple and easy to use and now can be applied in future studies.</p