Single ant colony AC searches the lowest with shared .

<p>A standard MMAS algorithm with perturbation from and to Rosetta predictor each other. The blue parts depict the original MMAS components (0, 1, 2, 3, and 5), and the pink parts depict the interaction between AC and Rosetta predictor (component 4 and 6).</p

The average and standard deviation comparison of 10-percentiles of each pair of decoys.

<p>Each symbol stands for a single test instance. The standard deviation is marked as error bar, and the average is at the cross point of two error bars determined by compared decoys represented in X and Y axis respectively. For instances colored by green no significant difference has been observed.</p

Box-and-whisker plot of all the decoys.

<p>The maximum, the minimum, the 1st quartile, the 3rd quartile, the mean (in symbol +), and the average (in symbol ×) of Ca_rmsd (Y axis in Å) of each decoy set are rendered as box-and-whisker plot for each test instance (X axis).</p

pacBackbone+ schematic flowchart.

<p>Two different heuristics are introduced, 8 ant colonies and 1 Rosetta predictor are running in parallel threads. The colonies share one pheromone matrix , and Rosetta predictor sends accepted fragments to AC colonies for updating . Also AC colonies send the iteration best solutions to Rosetta to perturb the conformation at every beginning of the prediction stage. The information exchanged between AC colonies and Rosetta predictor is colored by red feedback lines, and the information exchanged among AC colonies is colored by the blue line.</p

Different scores used as the minimizing objective functions.

<p>Different scores used as the minimizing objective functions.</p

General framework of solving PSP by parallel metaheuristic.

<p>The OP stands for all kinds of application problems, which can be computationally modeled as an optimization problem. Three such models are possible for solving OP, namely , and , where and are derived from how to solve OP numerically and non-numerically respectively. Three parallel solutions can be applied to solve the modeled optimization problems, and the current parallel platform at both hardware and software level can easily support the above three solutions.</p

Ultrafast and Electrically Tunable Rabi Frequency in a Germanium Hut Wire Hole Spin Qubit

Hole spin qubits based on germanium (Ge) have strong tunable spin–orbit interaction (SOI) and ultrafast qubit operation speed. Here we report that the Rabi frequency (fRabi) of a hole spin qubit in a Ge hut wire (HW) double quantum dot (DQD) is electrically tuned through the detuning energy (ϵ) and middle gate voltage (VM). fRabi gradually decreases with increasing ϵ; on the contrary, fRabi is positively correlated with VM. We attribute our results to the change of electric field on SOI and the contribution of the excited state in quantum dots to fRabi. We further demonstrate an ultrafast fRabi exceeding 1.2 GHz, which indicates the strong SOI in our device. The discovery of an ultrafast and electrically tunable fRabi in a hole spin qubit has potential applications in semiconductor quantum computing

Coupling a Germanium Hut Wire Hole Quantum Dot to a Superconducting Microwave Resonator

Realizing a strong coupling between spin and resonator is an important issue for scalable quantum computation in semiconductor systems. Benefiting from the advantages of a strong spin–orbit coupling strength and long coherence time, the Ge hut wire, which is proposed to be site-controlled grown for scalability, is considered to be a promising candidate to achieve this goal. Here we present a hybrid architecture in which an on-chip superconducting microwave resonator is coupled to the holes in a Ge quantum dot. The charge stability diagram can be obtained from the amplitude and phase responses of the resonator independently from the DC transport measurement. Furthermore, we estimate the hole-resonator coupling rate of <i>g</i>_c/2π = 148 MHz in the single quantum dot-resonator system and estimate the spin–resonator coupling rate <i>g</i>_s/2π to be in the range 2–4 MHz. We anticipate that strong coupling between hole spins and microwave photons in a Ge hut wire is feasible with optimized schemes in the future

Coupling Two Distant Double Quantum Dots with a Microwave Resonator

We fabricated a hybrid device with two distant graphene double quantum dots (DQDs) and a microwave resonator. A nonlinear response is observed in the resonator reflection amplitude when the two DQDs are jointly tuned to the vicinity of the degeneracy points. This observation can be well fitted by the Tavis–Cummings (T–C) model which describes two two-level systems coupling with one photonic field. Furthermore, the correlation between the DC currents in the two DQDs is studied. A nonzero cross-current correlation is observed which has been theoretically predicted to be an important sign of nonlocal coupling between two distant systems. Our results explore T–C physics in electronic transport and also contribute to the study of nonlocal transport and future implementations of remote electronic entanglement