Adjusted ORs for the risk of PH.

<p>OR, odds ratio; PH, peripartum hysterectomy.</p>a<p>ORs were adjusted for all variables in the table.</p

The numbers and rates^a of UAE according to each risk factor and their trends during the study period.

<p>UAE, uterine artery embolization.</p><p><i>p</i>-values were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.</p>a<p>Rates were calculated per 1,000 deliveries with each risk factor.</p

The numbers and rates^a of risk factors for PH and UAE and their trends (<i>P</i>-values) during the study period.

<p>PH, peripartum hysterectomy; UAE, uterine artery embolization.</p><p>The <i>P</i>-value was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.</p>a<p>Rates were calculated per 1,000 deliveries.</p

The numbers and rates^a of PHs and UAEs and the <i>P</i>-values for these rates during the study period.

<p>PH, peripartum hysterectomy; UAE, uterine artery embolization.</p><p>The <i>P</i>-value was evaluated by logistic regression analysis.</p>a<p>Rate was calculated per 1000 deliveries.</p

Adjusted ORs for the risk of UAE.

<p>OR, odds ratio; UAE, uterine artery embolization.</p>a<p>ORs were adjusted for all variables in the table.</p

Association between Several Persistent Organic Pollutants and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Cord Blood Serum and Bloodspot of the Newborn Infants of Korea

<div><p>Current knowledge on adverse endocrine disruption effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) among newborn infants is limited and often controversial. To investigate the associations between prenatal exposure to major POPs and thyroid hormone levels among newborn infants, both cord serum or maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were compared with five thyroid hormones in cord serum of newborn infants as well as TSH in bloodspot collected at 2 day after birth (n=104). Since cord serum thyroid hormones could be affected by those of mothers, thyroid hormone concentrations of the matching mothers at delivery were adjusted. In cord serum, BDE-47, -99, and Σchlordane (CHD) showed significant positive associations with cord or bloodspot TSH. At the same time, <i>p</i>,<i>p'</i>-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (<i>p</i>,<i>p'</i>-DDE) and hexachlorbenzene (HCB) showed negative associations with total T3 and total T4 in cord serum, respectively. Maternal exposure to <i>β</i>-hexachlorhexane (<i>β</i>-HCH), ΣCHD, ΣDDT, or <i>p</i>,<i>p'</i>-DDE were also associated with neonatal thyroid hormones. Although the sample size is small and the thyroid hormone levels of the subjects were within the reference range, our observation supports thyroid disrupting potential of several POPs among newborn infants, at the levels occurring in the general population. Considering the importance of thyroid hormones during gestation and early life stages, health implication of thyroid hormone effects by low level POPs exposure deserves further follow up investigations.</p></div

Multivariate logistic regression analysis for GDM in second pregnancies.

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis for GDM in second pregnancies.</p

Characteristics of study population in second pregnancies.

<p>Characteristics of study population in second pregnancies.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis for GDM in second pregnancies.

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis for GDM in second pregnancies.</p

Characteristics of the study population.

<p>^a Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.</p><p>^b Caesarean section.</p><p>^c Bloodspot TSH was measured from bloodspot samples collected at day 2–7 post-partum. Most newborn babies were collected for bloodspot on day 2 (within 48 hrs) post-partum, but 3 and 2 infants were collected on day 5 and 7 post-partum, respectively.</p><p>Characteristics of the study population.</p