Van oude en nieuwe iconen

De huidige jongeren worden wel aangeduid als de digitale generatie omdat ze van jongs af aan zijn opgegroeid met computers en met groot gemak hun weg in de virtuele wereld weten te vinden. Vrijwel alle jongeren beschikken tegenwoordig over e-mail, internet en een mobiele telefoon. Niet het bezit van de technologie onderscheidt hen van hun ouders, maar hoe ze die gebruiken. Jongeren richten zich vooral op commuRede, uitgesproken bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van Buitengewoon Hoogleraar 'ICT, Cultuur en Kennissamenleving' aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Faculteit der Historische en Kunstwetenschappen, op 21 september 2007. De socioloog Jos de Haan is sinds 1994 werkzaam voor het Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau

Guiding young children’s internet use at home

Using an online questionnaire among 785 parents (children 0-7 years) in the Netherlands we investigated a) whether parents experience problems when guiding children’s digital media usage, b) whether they feel competent in dealing with these problems, c) whether they need parenting support, and d) how these problems, competences and need for support are related to the characteristics of the parents, the family and the child. The analyses reveal that the parents’ experiences of problems is associated with negative views on media effects, the presence of older siblings living at home and occur especially when their child is active on social media. Parents’ feelings of competence are enhanced by positive views on media effects, older children being present in the home, and the involvement of the young child in educational games and media skill level. Parents feel less confident if their child is active on social media. Support is primarily dependent on the level of problems at hand. Moreover, professionals are consulted especially when parents feel less competent, their child is active on social media and no older siblings are present at home. Parents ask family or friends for advice when they have a negative view on media effects

Teens @ Culture: The Online Communications of Dutch High School Teenagers on Popular and Highbrow Culture

Teenagers’ interest in highbrow culture like classical music, museums and plays is somewhat low, but this group’s extensive Internet use may heighten this interest and increase their cultural participation online. In contrast to previous research, we examined teenagers’ online involvement in both popular and highbrow culture. An investigation among 892 high school teenagers indicated that explanations from the fields of cultural participation and media use account for differences in online cultural involvement. Teenagers with parents who are more highly educated and culturally active, and those with culturally interested friend are in turn more interested in culture, and communicate online more about both highbrow and popular culture. In addition to interest and socialization, there appears to be a minor mobilization effect of Internet use, as those with better digital skills and spending more time online engage more in online cultural communications

Hoe cultureel is de digitale generatie?

Over the past decade, young people in the Netherlands have developed into fervent Internet users. At the same time, cultural institutions have digitised a great deal of their content and made it accessible online. This was seen as a challenging combination, or a new opportunity to reach this target audience, since most young people are online. It is however unclear how much use the digital generation actually makes of the online opportunities for cultural purposes. This report describes how culturally active teenagers are on the Internet and to what extent their cultural activities are related to the extent of their Internet use, their digital skills, the cultural activities of their family and friends, and the (cultural and digital) activities at their school. For this study, 1592 Dutch secondary school students were interviewed in 2008, with questionnaires being completed by students in 167 classes at 32 schools distributed across five large cities, 11 medium-sized cities and three small municipalities. The students varied in age from 12 to 18 years and were attending courses at pre-vocational secondary, senior general secondary or pre-university level (students in final examination classes were not interviewed). In order to investigate the digital cultural participation of 12-18 year-olds, a distinction was made between three types of Internet use. These can be summarised using three ‘C’s: − content (using the Internet to search for various kinds of information, such as text, images and sound); − contact (personal communication or interaction in peer-to-peer networks); − creation (production of text, images or sound and uploading these to the Internet, as well as responding online to contributions from others and posting tags).In het afgelopen decennium hebben jongeren zich geprofileerd als fervente internetgebruikers. Tegelijkertijd hebben culturele instellingen veel aanbod gedigitaliseerd en online toegankelijk gemaakt. Dit werd als een uitdagende combinatie of een nieuwe kans gezien, aangezien de meeste jongeren online zijn. Het is echter de vraag in hoeverre de digitale generatie de online mogelijkheden inderdaad benut voor culturele doeleinden. In dit rapport is beschreven hoe cultureel actief tieners op internet zijn en in hoeverre die activiteiten samenhangen met de omvang van hun internetgebruik, hun digitale vaardigheden, de culturele activiteiten in hun gezin en van hun vrienden, en de (culturele en digitale) activiteiten op hun school. Voor het onderzoek zijn leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs geïnterviewd. In 2008 vulden 1592 leerlingen uit 167 klassen van 32 scholen in de klas een vragenlijst in. De scholen zijn verdeeld over vijf grote steden, elf middelgrote steden en drie kleine gemeenten. De leerlingen varieerden in leeftijd tussen de 12 en 18 jaar en zaten op een vmbo-, havo- of vwo-opleiding (leerlingen in eindexamenklassen zijn niet ondervraagd). Om de digitale cultuurparticipatie van 12-18-jarige scholieren te onderzoeken is een onderscheid gemaakt in drie rollen bij het internetgebruik. Deze drie rollen kunnen samengevat worden met drie C’s: − content (gebruik internet voor verschillende soorten informatie zoals tekst, beeld als geluid); − contact (persoonlijke communicatie of interactie in peer-to-peer-netwerken); − creatie (het zelf produceren van tekst, beeld of geluid en deze uploaden op internetalsmede het online reageren op bijdragen van anderen en het plaatsen van tags)

A hinged external fixator for complex elbow dislocations: A multicenter prospective cohort study

Background: Elbow dislocations can be classified as simple or complex. Simple dislocations are characterized by the absence of fractures, while complex dislocations are associated with fractures of the radial head, olecranon, or coronoid process. The majority of patients with these complex dislocations are treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), or arthroplasty in case of a non-reconstructable radial head fracture. If the elbow joint remains unstable after fracture fixation, a hinged elbow fixator can be applied. The fixator provides stability to the elbow joint, and allows for early mobilization. The latter may be important for preventing stiffness of the joint. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of early mobilization with a hinged external elbow fixator on clinical outcome in patients with complex elbow dislocations with residual instability following fracture fixation. Methods/Design. The design of the study will be a multicenter prospective cohort study of 30 patients who have sustained a complex elbow dislocation and are treated with a hinged elbow fixator following fracture fixation because of residual instability. Early active motion exercises within the limits of pain will be started immediately after surgery under supervision of a physical therapist. Outcome will be evaluated at regular intervals over the subsequent 12 months. The primary outcome is the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score. The secondary outcome measures are the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, Oxford Elbow Score, pain level at both sides, range of motion of the elbow joint at both sides, radiographic healing of the fractures and formation of periarticular ossifications, rate of secondary interventions and complications, and health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36). Discussion. The outcome of this study will yield quantitative data on the functional outcome in patients with a complex elbow dislocation and who are treated with ORIF and additional stabilization with a hinged elbow fixator. Trial Registration. The trial is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR1996)

Functional treatment versus plaster for simple elbow dislocations (FuncSiE): a randomized trial

Background. Elbow dislocations can be classified as simple or complex. Simple dislocations are characterized by the absence of fractures, while complex dislocations are associated with fractures. After reduction of a simple dislocation, treatment options include immobilization in a static plaster for different periods of time or so-called functional treatment. Functional treatment is characterized by early active motion within the limits of pain with or without the use of a sling or hinged brace. Theoretically, functional treatment should prevent stiffness without introducing increased joint instability. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to compare early functional treatment versus plaster immobilization following simple dislocations of the elbow. Methods/Design. The design of the study will be a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 100 patients who have sustained a simple elbow dislocation. After reduction of the dislocation, patients are randomized between a pressure bandage for 5-7 days and early functional treatment or a plaster in 90 degrees flexion, neutral position for pro-supination for a period of three weeks. In the functional group, treatment is started with early active motion within the limits of pain. Function, pain, and radiographic recovery will be evaluated at regular intervals over the subsequent 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score. The secondary outcome measures are the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, Oxford elbow score, pain level at both sides, range of motion of the elbow joint at both sides, rate of secondary interventions and complication rates in both groups (secondary dislocation, instability, relaxation), health-related quality of life (Short-Form 36 and EuroQol-5D), radiographic appearance of the elbow joint (degenerative changes and heterotopic ossifications), costs, and cost-effectiveness. Discussion. The successful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of a functional treatment for the management of simple elbow dislocations. Trial Registration. The trial is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR2025)

A Uniform Genomic Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Typing Methodology and Database Designed to Facilitate Clinical Applications

BACKGROUND: Minor Histocompatibility (H) antigen mismatches significantly influence the outcome of HLA-matched allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The molecular identification of human H antigens is increasing rapidly. In parallel, clinical application of minor H antigen typing has gained interest. So far, relevant and simple tools to analyze the minor H antigens in a quick and reliable way are lacking. METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: We developed a uniform PCR with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) for 10 different autosomal minor H antigens and H-Y. This genomic minor H antigen typing methodology allows easy incorporation in the routine HLA typing procedures. DNA from previously typed EBV-LCL was used to validate the methodology. To facilitate easy interpretation for clinical purposes, a minor H database named dbMinor (http://www.lumc.nl/dbminor) was developed. Input of the minor H antigen typing results subsequently provides all relevant information for a given patient/donor pair and additional information on the putative graft-versus-host, graft-versus-tumor and host-versus-graft reactivities. SIGNIFICANCE: A simple, uniform and rapid methodology was developed enabling determination of minor H antigen genotypes of all currently identified minor H antigens. A dbMinor database was developed to interpret the genomic typing for its potential clinical relevance. The combination of the minor H antigen genomic typing methodology with the online dbMinor database and applications facilitates the clinical application of minor H antigens anti-tumor targets after stem cell transplantation