20 research outputs found
An interacting scalar field and the recent cosmic acceleration
In this paper it is shown that the Brans - Dicke scalar field itself can
serve the purpose of providing an early deceleration and a late time
acceleration of the universe without any need of quintessence field if one
considers an interaction, i.e, transfer of energy between the dark matter and
the Brans - Dicke scalar field.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Brane-bulk energy exchange : a model with the present universe as a global attractor
The role of brane-bulk energy exchange and of an induced gravity term on a
single braneworld of negative tension and vanishing effective cosmological
constant is studied. It is shown that for the physically interesting cases of
dust and radiation a unique global attractor which can realize our present
universe (accelerating and 0<Omega_{m0}<1) exists for a wide range of the
parameters of the model. For Omega_{m0}=0.3, independently of the other
parameters, the model predicts that the equation of state for the dark energy
today is w_{DE,0}=-1.4, while Omega_{m0}=0.03 leads to w_{DE,0}=-1.03. In
addition, during its evolution, w_{DE} crosses the w_{DE}=-1 line to smaller
values.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, RevTex; references added, to appear in JHE
Equations of State in the Brans-Dicke cosmology
We investigate the Brans-Dicke (BD) theory with the potential as cosmological
model to explain the present accelerating universe. In this work, we consider
the BD field as a perfect fluid with the energy density and pressure in the
Jordan frame. Introducing the power-law potential and the interaction with the
cold dark matter, we obtain the phantom divide which is confirmed by the native
and effective equation of state. Also we can describe the metric gravity
with an appropriate potential, which shows a future crossing of phantom divide
in viable gravity models when employing the native and effective
equations of state.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Cosmic Acceleration in Brans-Dicke Cosmology
We consider Brans-Dicke theory with a self-interacting potential in Einstein
conformal frame. We show that an accelerating expansion is possible in a
spatially flat universe for large values of the Brans-Dicke parameter
consistent with local gravity experiments.Comment: 10 Pages, 3 figures, To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio
Expanding Universe: Thermodynamical Aspects From Different Models
The pivotal point of the paper is to discuss the behavior of temperature,
pressure, energy density as a function of volume along with determination of
caloric EoS from following two model: & .
The time scale of instability for this two models is discussed. In the paper we
then generalize our result and arrive at general expression for energy density
irrespective of the model. The thermodynamical stability for both of the model
and the general case is discussed from this viewpoint. We also arrive at a
condition on the limiting behavior of thermodynamic parameter to validate the
third law of thermodynamics and interpret the general mathematical expression
of integration constant (what we get while integrating energy
conservation equation) physically relating it to number of micro states. The
constraint on the allowed values of the parameters of the models is discussed
which ascertains stability of universe. The validity of thermodynamical laws
within apparent and event horizon is discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures(Accepted for publication in "Astrophysics and
Space Science"
Comparison of Recent SnIa datasets
We rank the six latest Type Ia supernova (SnIa) datasets (Constitution (C),
Union (U), ESSENCE (Davis) (E), Gold06 (G), SNLS 1yr (S) and SDSS-II (D)) in
the context of the Chevalier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parametrization
, according to their Figure of Merit (FoM), their
consistency with the cosmological constant (CDM), their consistency
with standard rulers (Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic
Oscillations (BAO)) and their mutual consistency. We find a significant
improvement of the FoM (defined as the inverse area of the 95.4% parameter
contour) with the number of SnIa of these datasets ((C) highest FoM, (U), (G),
(D), (E), (S) lowest FoM). Standard rulers (CMB+BAO) have a better FoM by about
a factor of 3, compared to the highest FoM SnIa dataset (C). We also find that
the ranking sequence based on consistency with CDM is identical with
the corresponding ranking based on consistency with standard rulers ((S) most
consistent, (D), (C), (E), (U), (G) least consistent). The ranking sequence of
the datasets however changes when we consider the consistency with an expansion
history corresponding to evolving dark energy crossing the
phantom divide line (it is practically reversed to (G), (U), (E), (S),
(D), (C)). The SALT2 and MLCS2k2 fitters are also compared and some peculiar
features of the SDSS-II dataset when standardized with the MLCS2k2 fitter are
pointed out. Finally, we construct a statistic to estimate the internal
consistency of a collection of SnIa datasets. We find that even though there is
good consistency among most samples taken from the above datasets, this
consistency decreases significantly when the Gold06 (G) dataset is included in
the sample.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Included recently released SDSS-II dataset.
Improved presentation. Main results unchanged. The mathematica files and
datasets used for the production of the figures may be downloaded from
http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/datacomp
Higher order WKB corrections to black hole entropy in brick wall formalism
We calculate the statistical entropy of a quantum field with an arbitrary
spin propagating on the spherical symmetric black hole background by using the
brick wall formalism at higher orders in the WKB approximation. For general
spins, we find that the correction to the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
depends logarithmically on the area of the horizon. Furthermore, we apply this
analysis to the Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild-AdS black holes and discuss our
results.Comment: 21 pages, published versio
Dark Energy and Gravity
I review the problem of dark energy focusing on the cosmological constant as
the candidate and discuss its implications for the nature of gravity. Part 1
briefly overviews the currently popular `concordance cosmology' and summarises
the evidence for dark energy. It also provides the observational and
theoretical arguments in favour of the cosmological constant as the candidate
and emphasises why no other approach really solves the conceptual problems
usually attributed to the cosmological constant. Part 2 describes some of the
approaches to understand the nature of the cosmological constant and attempts
to extract the key ingredients which must be present in any viable solution. I
argue that (i)the cosmological constant problem cannot be satisfactorily solved
until gravitational action is made invariant under the shift of the matter
lagrangian by a constant and (ii) this cannot happen if the metric is the
dynamical variable. Hence the cosmological constant problem essentially has to
do with our (mis)understanding of the nature of gravity. Part 3 discusses an
alternative perspective on gravity in which the action is explicitly invariant
under the above transformation. Extremizing this action leads to an equation
determining the background geometry which gives Einstein's theory at the lowest
order with Lanczos-Lovelock type corrections. (Condensed abstract).Comment: Invited Review for a special Gen.Rel.Grav. issue on Dark Energy,
edited by G.F.R.Ellis, R.Maartens and H.Nicolai; revtex; 22 pages; 2 figure
Screening of cosmological constant for De Sitter Universe in non-local gravity, phantom-divide crossing and finite-time future singularities
We investigate de Sitter solutions in non-local gravity as well as in
non-local gravity with Lagrange constraint multiplier. We examine a condition
to avoid a ghost and discuss a screening scenario for a cosmological constant
in de Sitter solutions. Furthermore, we explicitly demonstrate that three types
of the finite-time future singularities can occur in non-local gravity and
explore their properties. In addition, we evaluate the effective equation of
state for the universe and show that the late-time accelerating universe may be
effectively the quintessence, cosmological constant or phantom-like phases. In
particular, it is found that there is a case in which a crossing of the phantom
divide from the non-phantom (quintessence) phase to the phantom one can be
realized when a finite-time future singularity occurs. Moreover, it is
demonstrated that the addition of an term can cure the finite-time future
singularities in non-local gravity. It is also suggested that in the framework
of non-local gravity, adding an term leads to possible unification of the
early-time inflation with the late-time cosmic acceleration.Comment: 42 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in General
Relativity and Gravitatio