Experimental Study for Phycoremediation of Botryococcus sp. On Greywater

Abstract. Greywater (GW) is identified as waste disposal from home activites that is discharging from laundry, bath and wash-basin. GW useful in irrigation of a garden and aids to reduce cost as well as maintain the environmental prosperity. This paper discussed the effectiveness of Botryococcus sp. to clean GW in phycoremediation treatment. This process involves as growing the Botryococcus sp. in the GW which is contributing to utilize supplements in GW for its grow. The results indicated that Botryococcus sp. is effective to reduce COD (88%), BOD (82%), TIC (76%), TC (58%), TN (52%), TOC (39%), Phosphate (37.5%) and pH (7%) for 100% concentration of GW. Meanwhile, for the 50% of GW concentration Botryococcus sp. capable to remove such as COD (83%), TIC (82%), BOD (68%), TN (67%), Phosphate (36.8%), TC (34%), TOC (31%) and pH (1.2%). Then, the study concludes that Botryococcus sp. can grow effectively in GW and be able to reduce the rate of nutrient in GW

Experimental Study for Phycoremediation of Botryococcus sp. On Greywater

Abstract. Greywater (GW) is identified as waste disposal from home activites that is discharging from laundry, bath and wash-basin. GW useful in irrigation of a garden and aids to reduce cost as well as maintain the environmental prosperity. This paper discussed the effectiveness of Botryococcus sp. to clean GW in phycoremediation treatment. This process involves as growing the Botryococcus sp. in the GW which is contributing to utilize supplements in GW for its grow. The results indicated that Botryococcus sp. is effective to reduce COD (88%), BOD (82%), TIC (76%), TC (58%), TN (52%), TOC (39%), Phosphate (37.5%) and pH (7%) for 100% concentration of GW. Meanwhile, for the 50% of GW concentration Botryococcus sp. capable to remove such as COD (83%), TIC (82%), BOD (68%), TN (67%), Phosphate (36.8%), TC (34%), TOC (31%) and pH (1.2%). Then, the study concludes that Botryococcus sp. can grow effectively in GW and be able to reduce the rate of nutrient in GW

Cultivation System and Harvesting Techniques in Microalgae Biomass Production

Microalgae biomass is one of the very high potentials for the production of the third generation of biofuel. Public awareness of the importance of the environment and the lack of conventional fuel sources has been attracting the interest of researchers in exploring deeper on microalgae biomass production. Two major challenges need to be noted in respect of the microalgae industry is cultivation systems and effective harvesting techniques. Therefore, this review focuses on the main cultivation system and harvesting technique applied to microalgae. Besides that, the main advantages and disadvantages of each system and technique were also discussed further. The most suitable cultivation system is via closed photobioreactor while flocculation technique was preferred to harvest microalgae due to the low-cost method. But, selection of adequate cultivation and harvesting method depends on the characteristic of microalgae and also the value of the end product intends to be produced. Consequently, this review aims to provide information to enhance the development technology for microalgae biomass production in term of cultivation system and harvesting technique

Zooplankton research in Malaysia: Current status and future prospects

Malaysia is one of the three mega-diversity countries in the ASEAN region besides Indonesia and the Philippines, making it an important area for marine ecosystem studies. Marine zooplankton research in Malaysia is still comparatively new when viewed globally. In order to identify where the country stands in this field, the scientific developments achieved to date starting from the earliest oceanographic expeditions in the Malaysian waters are introduced. More recent researches span a wide spectrum including taxonomic and biodiversity observations, experiments on the biology and physiology of zooplankton and trophic structure studies in different marine habitats. Research at large and small scales has been limited due mainly to financial and technical difficulties coupled with a critical need to develop expertise in taxonomy. Continued effort in multidisciplinary activities and multilateral collaborations in the region is necessary to enhance communication, outline similar goals and areas of future study, and significantly accelerate the zooplankton research in Malaysia.Proceedings of the Horiba International Conference "New Direction of Ocean Research in the Western Pacific" : Past, Present and Future of UNESCO/IOC/WESTPAC Activity for 50 years and the JSPS Project "Coastal Marine Science"Section II: Historical Review of Coastal Research in Southeast Asi

The Influence of Glycerol on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Tapioca Starch Film

Thermoplastic tapioca starch (TPTS) film was made by tape casting. The viscoelastic behaviour, thermal degradation and surface morphology were investigated using Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively. The DMA result shows that the storage modulus as well as loss modulus of the TPTS films with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% glycerol appears to reduce with increase in glycerol content due to phase relaxation as a result of molecular interaction of the starch molecules with glycerol molecules. Whereas, tan δ shows the effect of temperature is higher on the TPTS film with low glycerol content. The thermal degradation of the TPTS is more susceptible to heat as shown by curve 2(e) for film sample with 20% glycerol, showing that higher glycerol content reduces thermal stability of the film. Even though, lowering of glass transition temperature of the TPTS films took effect with the higher concentration of glycerol which proves ease of processibility and workability of the film. The SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces indicate intermolecular miscibility and surface adhesion increases with higher fraction of glycerol content