Maximum clade credibility tree.

<p>Branch lengths are proportional to time in million years (Ma) and are estimated with Bayesian relaxed lognormal molecular clocks for each marker on the concatenated dataset. Clades with significant increase of diversification rates are indicated by thick black lines (p<0.05). Asterisks on branches represent clades supported by the Bayesian analysis (posterior probability >0.95). Bars represent the 95% HPD interval around the dated nodes. NWIO: Northwest Indian Ocean; SEIO: Southeast Indian Ocean; SWIO: Southwest Indian Ocean; IAA: Indo-Australian archipelago; SWPO: Southwest Pacific Ocean; WPO: West Pacific Ocean; CPO: Central Pacific Ocean; EPO: East Pacific Ocean; RS: Red Sea; WAO: West Atlantic Ocean; EAO: East Atlantic Ocean. Each triangle tips represent two sequences from Genbank. Bold names represent new sequences. Thick black lines identify species present in the SWIO.</p

Sliding-window analysis of the net diversification rate of the genus <i>Nerita</i> through geological periods.

<p>Oligo: Oligocene; P: Pliocene.</p

LTT plot of the maximum clade credibility tree.

<p>Grey zone represent the 50% (dark grey) and 95% (light grey) null distribution of LTT plots generated under the Yule model. Black dots represent observed values. Blue lines represent successive linear models fitted to the data and confidence intervals (red).</p

Geographic distribution of <i>Nerita</i> species living in the South-Western Indian Ocean, adapted from [16].

<p>Grey dots indicate sampling sites from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0095040#pone.0095040-Frey1" target="_blank">[16]</a>; grey squares indicate sampling sites of new haplotypes.</p

Parameters of the linear models fitted to the LTT for each geological period.

<p>Parameters of the linear models fitted to the LTT for each geological period.</p

Determination of the number of rate shifts for <i>Nerita</i>.

<p>Log-likelihood values were tested against the model with one more shift. Rs : rate shifts, Tn : n rate shift, Tu : turnover, Div: diversification.</p

Individual zoospore production per leaflet (Means+SE) in single and multiple infections for the BP3 reference genotype (grey bars) and BEK (A), P13 (B), P43 (C) and PON05 (D) genotypes (black bars).

<p>Individual zoospore production per leaflet (Means+SE) in single and multiple infections for the BP3 reference genotype (grey bars) and BEK (A), P13 (B), P43 (C) and PON05 (D) genotypes (black bars).</p

Relative proportion (Means+SE) of zoospores density of BP3 (grey bars) and challenger (black bars) genotypes in double-site infection of multiple genotypes (DSI-mg).

<p>Relative proportion (Means+SE) of zoospores density of BP3 (grey bars) and challenger (black bars) genotypes in double-site infection of multiple genotypes (DSI-mg).</p

Characteristics of the five <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> genotypes used in the experimental setup.

<p>All isolates were chosen for having the same mating type. The virulence profile corresponds to the ability of pathogen genotype to infect potato genotype containing resistance genes (numbered from 1 to 11). Avr3a genotype is given for the two single nucleotide polymorphisms at the positions 241 and 312 of the avr3a gene, which are responsible for the virulence profile towards the resistance gene number 3 (named R3). A₃₄₁/T₃₁₂ genotype corresponds to a parasite genotype unable to infect a potato genotype containing the R3 resistance gene (see virulence profile of BP3), whereas G₂₄₁/G₃₁₂ genotype corresponds to parasite genotype able to overcome the R3 resistance gene (see virulence profile of all but BP3).</p

Overall zoospore density (Means+SE) in single-site infection (SSI), double-site infection of single genotype (DSI-sg) and double-site infection of multiple genotypes (DSI-mg).

<p>Overall zoospore density (Means+SE) in single-site infection (SSI), double-site infection of single genotype (DSI-sg) and double-site infection of multiple genotypes (DSI-mg).</p