Značaj sorte u organskoj proizvodnji povrća

The organic farming system differs fundamentally in soil fertility management, weed, disease and pest management, and has higher demands on product quality and yield stability compared to conventional farming. By stimulating internal self-regulation through functional agrobiodiversity in and above the soil, organic farming system aim at resilience and buffering capacity in the farm-ecosystem. For futher optimisation of organic product quality and yield stability new varieties are required that are adapted to organic farming systems.Organski sistemi uzgoja povrća su u pogledu upravljanja plodnošću zemljišta, korova, bolesti i štetočina i zahtevom za povišenim kvalitetom i stabilnošću prinosa različiti konvencionalnim. Stimulišući unutrašnju samoregulaciju putem funkcionalnog agrobiodiverziteta u i iznad zemljišta, umesto spoljne regulacije sredstvima zaštite, cilj organskih sistema je povećanje otpornosti proizvodnog ekosistema. Izbor visokokvalitetnog organskog semena i sadnog materijala pogodnih sorti je ključ uspešne organske proizvodnje. Dalja optimizacija kvaliteta organskih proizvoda i stabilnosti prinosa zahteva uvođenje novih sorata adaptiranih na specifične uslove organske proizvodnje

Efikasnost nekih preparata u kontroli crne truleži kupusnjača (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris)

Diseases of brassicas present a significant limiting factor for the successful production of these plants. Causal agent of black rot or bacterial diseases-vessel Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a widespread and damaging bacterial diseases, causing significant losses in condition of moderate climate. Research carried out in 2015. were aimed to testing the efficacy of some different bactericides in control of black rot on the cabbage cultivar Futoški. The best efficacy was observed in the combination of copper - hydroxide and ethylenebis - dithiocarbamate and the copper - hydroxide.Bolesti kupusnjača predstavljaju značajan ograničavajući faktor uspešne proizvodnje ovih biljaka. Prouzrokovač crne truleži ili sudovne bakterioze kupusnjača Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris predstavlja veoma rasprostranjenu i štetnu bakteriozu, prouzrokujući značajne gubitke u uslovima umerenog klimata. Istraživanje sprovedeno 2015. god. imalo je za cilj ispitivanje efikasnost nekih preparata u kontroli ove bakterioze na kupusu sorte Futoški. Najbolja efikasnost je zabeležena kod kombinacije bakar – hidroksida i etilenbis – ditiokarbamata i samog bakar – hidroksida

Bolesti kupusa tokom 2016. godine

Cabbage presents important vegetable for R. Serbia, both in terms of production and consumption. Mistaces in agrotechnology and disease occurrence are important factors in the yield decline in relation to the genetic potential. Investigations conducted in 2016 at several locations aimed at determining the occurrence of pathogens on cabbage at different periods and stages of growth. Investigations has shown the presence of seven causal agents of mycosis: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Phoma lingam, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Peronospora parasitica, Alternaria brassicae, Pythium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; and two bacterial diseases: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Pectobacterium carotovorum.Kupus predstavlja značajnu povrtarsku vrstu za R. Srbiju. Greške u agrotehnici i pojava bolesti, značajni su činioci smanjenja prinosa u odnosu na genetski potencijal. Istraživanje sprovedeno tokom 2016. godine na više lokaliteta imalo je za cilj utvrđivanje pojave patogena na kupusu u različitim periodima i fenofazama razvoja. Istraživanjima je utvrđeno prisustvo sedam prouzrokovača mikoza: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Phoma lingam, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, Peronospora parasitica, Alternaria brassicae, Pythium spp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; i dve bakterioze: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Pectobacterium carotovorum

Kila kupusa – da li predstavlja opasnost?

The causal agent of cabbage clubroot, historically is one of the oldest diseases and today is getting more and more important. The reason for this is primarily increase the area under brassicas, short crop rotation or rotation within the same family, as well as the difficulty in pathogen control. In recent years there has been a more intensive appearance of this pathogen at locations where brassicas is traditionally grown, but also on new ones which indicate its spread. Certain control measures slowly lose their importance, while respecting crop rotation as basic measures are often ignored. Everything indicates that cabbage is a threat and that it is necessary to apply all hygienic and sanitary measures in order to stop the pathogen.Kila kupusa, istorijski gledano kao jedno od najstarijih oboljenja, danas dobija sve više na značaju. Tome pre svega doprinosi povećanje površina pod kupusnjačama, kratka rotacija useva ili rotacija u okviru iste familije, kao i otežano suzbijanje patogena. Poslednjih godina dolazi do intenzivnije pojave ovog patogena na lokalitetima gde se tradicionalno gaje kupusnjače, ali i na novim, što ukazuje na njegovo širenje. Pojedine mere u suzbijanju polako gube na značaju, a poštovanje plodoreda kao osnovne mere često se zanemaruje. Sve izneto ukazuje da kila kupusa predstavlja opasnost i da je blagovremeno potrebno primeniti pre svega sve higijensko-sanitarne mere kako bi se patogen zaustavio

Ispitivanje fitopatogenih odlika kliničkih izolata Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Existence of persistence ability of clinical isolates bacteria in plants, raises the question of their phytopathogenic characteristic and possibilities to cause pathological changes in the plants. The study included clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their possibility to causing rot on potato tubers, slices of carrots, onion cloves, hypersensitive response (HR) on tobacco leaves and hydrolysis of starch. In the case of some isolates was observed potential symptoms of onion rot, while the other tests of phytopathogenic characteristics were negative.Postojanje mogućnosti perzistencije kliničkih izolata bakterija u biljkama, otvara pitanje o njihovim fitopatogenim svojstvima i mogućnostima da izazovu patološke promene na biljkama. Ispitivanjima su obuhvaćeni klinički izolati Pseudomonas aeruginosa i njihova mogućnost prouzrokovanja truleži na krtolama krompira, kriškama mrkve, lukovicama crnog luka, kao i hipersenzitivne reakcije (HR) na duvanu i hidrolize skroba. Kod pojedinih izolata zabeležena je mogućnost pojave simptoma truleži glavica crnog luka, dok su ostala ispitivana fitopatogena svojstva negativna

Identifikacija prouzrokovača uvenuća i truleži plodova paradajza

Tomatoes are parasitized by a number of pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causal agent of fusarium wilt. Fresh vegetable fruits can be contaminated with various fungi that produce mycotoxins, which is an important issue for human health. The objective of this paper was to isolate, determine, and identify causal organisms of tomato wilt and fruit rot, based on the pathogens morphological and molecular characteristics. Samples of diseased plants showing symptoms of tomato wilt were collected from different localities in the production region of Vojvodina. Fruits with symptoms of fusarium rot were collected from storage and warehouses. The isolation and morphological determination of the fungus were performed on PDA and Czapek’s nutrient media. Isolates from diseased plants growing in field, designated as TFW1-TFW12 and seven isolates from diseased tomato fruits (TFM1-TFM7) were chosen for further investigation. For identification of the fungal isolates, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also used. The EF1/EF2 primer pair was used for molecular identification of Fusarium sp. Nine analyzed samples were found to contain DNA fragments 700 bp in size.Patogene gljive roda Fusarium, prouzrokovači uvenuća biljaka, pojavljuju se i kao paraziti povrća uzrokujući propadanje korena, prizemnog dela stabla, kao i uvenuće biljaka. Veći broj patogena parazitira paradajz, među kojima je i Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, prouzrokovač fuzarioznog uvenuća. Fuzariozna trulež plodova paradajza redovno se javlja u skladištima i može naneti velike ekonomske gubitke. Cilj ovog rada bio je izolacija, utvrđivanje i identifikacija prouzrokovača uvenuća paradajza i truleži plodova, na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika patogena. Prikupljeni su uzorci obolelih biljaka sa simptomima uvenuća paradajza iz proizvodnih regiona Vojvodine. Sveži plodovi sa simptomima fuzariozne truleži prikupljeni su iz različitih magacina i skladišta. Za izolaciju i morfološku determinaciju gljive korišćene su PDA i Czapek hranljiva podloga. Za dalja proučavanja odabrano je 12 izolata (TFW1-TFW12) poreklom sa biljaka gajenih u polju i sedam izolata (TFM1-TFM7) dobijenih sa zaraženih plodova iz skladišta. Determinacija izolata gljiva obavljena je i pomoću metode, lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction). Za molekularnu identifikaciju izolata F. oxysporum korišćen je par prajmera EF1/EF2. U devet ispitivanih uzoraka potvrđeno je prisustvo DNK fragmenta veličine 700 bp

Fusarium oxysporum as causal agent of tomato wilt and fruit rot

Tomatoes are parasitized by a number of pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, causal agent of fusarium wilt. Fresh vegetable fruits can be contaminated with various fungi that produce mycotoxins, which is an important issue for human health. The objective of this paper was to isolate, determine, and identify causal organisms of tomato wilt and fruit rot, based on the pathogens morphological and molecular characteristics. Samples of diseased plants showing symptoms of tomato wilt were collected from different localities in the production region of Vojvodina. Fruits with symptoms of fusarium rot were collected from storage and warehouses. The isolation and morphological determination of the fungus were performed on PDA and Czapek's nutrient media. Isolates from diseased plants growing in field, designated as TFW1-TFW12 and seven isolates from diseased tomato fruits (TFM1-TFM7) were chosen for further investigation. For identification of the fungal isolates, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also used. The EF1/EF2 primer pair was used for molecular identification of Fusarium sp. Nine analyzed samples were found to contain DNA fragments 700 bp in size.Patogene gljive roda Fusarium, prouzrokovači uvenuća biljaka, pojavljuju se i kao paraziti povrća uzrokujući propadanje korena, prizemnog dela stabla, kao i uvenuće biljaka. Veći broj patogena parazitira paradajz, među kojima je i Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici, prouzrokovač fuzarioznog uvenuća. Fuzariozna trulež plodova paradajza redovno se javlja u skladištima i može naneti velike ekonomske gubitke. Cilj ovog rada bio je izolacija, utvrđivanje i identifikacija prouzrokovača uvenuća paradajza i truleži plodova, na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karakteristika patogena. Prikupljeni su uzorci obolelih biljaka sa simptomima uvenuća paradajza iz proizvodnih regiona Vojvodine. Sveži plodovi sa simptomima fuzariozne truleži prikupljeni su iz različitih magacina i skladišta. Za izolaciju i morfološku determinaciju gljive korišćene su PDA i Czapek hranljiva podloga. Za dalja proučavanja odabrano je 12 izolata (TFW1-TFW12) poreklom sa biljaka gajenih u polju i sedam izolata (TFM1-TFM7) dobijenih sa zaraženih plodova iz skladišta. Determinacija izolata gljiva obavljena je i pomoću metode, lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR - Polymerase Chain Reaction). Za molekularnu identifikaciju izolata F. oxysporum korišćen je par prajmera EF1/EF2. U devet ispitivanih uzoraka potvrđeno je prisustvo DNK fragmenta veličine 700 bp