Biological markers p16 and Ki-67 for defining cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in biopsy samples of the cervix

Biološka označevalca p16 in Ki-67 sta posredna pokazatelja okužbe s humanimi papiloma virusi z velikim tveganjem (HPV-VT), ki so povezani z nastankom predrakavih sprememb na materničnem vratu. V diagnostično težavnih primerih ju lahko uporabimo za razlikovanje cervikalne intraepitelijske neoplazije od morfološko podobnih neneoplastičnih sprememb. Določamo ju lahko s standardnimi imunohistokemičnimi metodami na tkivnih rezinah bioptičnih vzorcev materničnega vratu. Pri vsakdanjem histopatološkem ocenjevanju bioptičnih vzorcev materničnega vratu z dodatnim imunohistokemičnim barvanjem na p16 in Ki-67 največkrat izključimo cervikalno intraepitelijsko neoplazijo visoke stopnje (CIN2 in CIN3), kar prepreči pretirano zdravljenje sprememb na materničnem vratu. Tak diagnostični pristop je uporaben tudi za histopatološko ocenjevanje intraepitelijskih neoplastičnih sprememb endocervikalnega žleznega epitelija.The biological markers p16 and Ki-67 are indirect indicators of high-risk human papillomavirus infections (HR-HPV) connected to the formation of precancerous changes in the cervix. In diagnostically more challenging cases, they can be used to distinguish between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and morphologically similar non-neoplastic changes. They can be determined using standard immunohistochemical methods on tissue slices from cervical biopsy samples. In the daily histopathological evaluation of the cervical biopsy samples with additional immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67, a high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 and CIN3) is usually ruled out, which prevents excessive treatment of changes in the cervix. Such diagnostic approach can also be used in the histopathological evaluation of intraepithelial neoplastic changes of the endocervical glandular epithelium

Microinvasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Slovenia during the period 2001-2007

Background. Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma (MISCC) comprises a significant portion of all cervical cancers in Slovenia. Criteria of carcinomatous invasion are well described in the literature, however histopathological assessment of MISCC is difficult, because morphological characteristics can overlap with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3) and other pathological changes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the reliability of the histopathological diagnosis of MISCC in Slovenia during the period from 2001 to 2007. Materials and methods. Data on patients with a histopathological diagnosis of cervical MISCC (FIGO stage IA) in the period of 2001 to 2007 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Slovenia. Histological slides were obtained from the majority of pathology laboratories in Slovenia. We received 250 cases (69% of all MISCC) for the review30 control cases with CIN 3 and invasive squamous cell carcinoma FIGO stage IB were intermixed. The slides were coded and reviewed. Results. Among 250 cases originally diagnosed as MISCC, there was an agreement with MISCC diagnosis in 184 (73.6%) cases (of these 179/184 (97.3%) cases were FIGO stage IA1 and 5/184 (2.7%) cases were FIGO stage IA2). Among 179 FIGO stage IA1 cases 117 (65.4%) showed only early stromal invasion. Conclusions. The retrospective review of cases diagnosed as MISCC during the period 2001- 2007 in Slovenia showed a considerable number of overdiagnosed cases. Amongst cases with MISCC confirmed on review, there was a significant proportion with early stromal invasion (depth of invasion less than 1 mm)

Ultrazvočno vodena aspiracijska biopsija s tanko iglo v diagnostiki ledvičnih tumorjev

In Slovenia the ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is a standard diagnostic procedure for assessment of renal tumors with non-characteristic radiologic features. Over the past year the interest in this method has been increasing across Europe, especially for the evaluation of small renal masses, defined as smaller than or equal to 3 cm. Our analysis confirmed that the method is reliable for the assessment of small renal masses, provided that cellular material is sufficient and representative for the lesion. Adjunct methods like immunocytochemical stainings can improve typing of renal cell carcinomas: clear cell, papillary and chromophobe type.Ultrazvočno vodena aspiracijska biopsija je v Sloveniji že dolga leta standardna metoda za morfološko diagnostiko radiološko težavnih ledvičnih tumorjev. V zadnjih letih se zanimanje za to diagnostično metodo povečuje tudi v Evropi, predvsem za dodatno diagnostiko majhnih tumorjev, ki merijo največ 3 cm. V naši analizi smo potrdili, da je metoda uporabna za diagnostiko majhnih tumorjev, če so vzorci dovolj celularni in reprezentativni za lezijo. V citopatološki diagnostiki so nam v pomoč tudi imunocitokemična barvanja, s katerimi lahko natančneje opredelimo tip ledvičnega karcinoma: svetlocelični, papilarni in kromofobni karcinom ledvičnih celic

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of renal tumors

Ultrazvočno vodena aspiracijska biopsija je v Sloveniji že dolga leta standardna metoda za morfološko diagnostiko radiološko težavnih ledvičnih tumorjev. V zadnjih letih se zanimanje za to diagnostično metodo povečuje tudi v Evropi, predvsem za dodatno diagnostiko majhnih tumorjev, ki merijo največ 3 cm. V naši analizi smo potrdili, da je metoda uporabna za diagnostiko majhnih tumorjev, če so vzorci dovolj celularni in reprezentativni za lezijo. V citopatološki diagnostiki so nam v pomoč tudi imunocitokemična barvanja, s katerimi lahko natančneje opredelimo tip ledvičnega karcinoma: svetlocelični, papilarni in kromofobni karcinom ledvičnih celic.In Slovenia the ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy is a standard diagnostic procedure for assessment of renal tumors with non-characteristic radiologic features. Over the past year the interest in this method has been increasing across Europe, especially for the evaluation of small renal masses, defined as smaller than or equal to 3 cm. Our analysis confirmed that the method is reliable for the assessment of small renal masses, provided that cellular material is sufficient and representative for the lesion. Adjunct methods like immunocytochemical stainings can improve typing of renal cell carcinomas: clear cell, papillary and chromophobe type

Biološka označevalca p16 in Ki-67 za opredelitev cervikalne intraepitelijske neoplazije v biopsijskih vzorcih materničnega vratu

The biological markers p16 and Ki-67 are indirect indicators of high-risk human papillomavirus infections (HR-HPV) connected to the formation of precancerous changes in the cervix. In diagnostically more challenging cases, they can be used to distinguish between cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and morphologically similar non-neoplastic changes. They can be determined using standard immunohistochemical methods on tissue slices from cervical biopsy samples. In the daily histopathological evaluation of the cervical biopsy samples with additional immunohistochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67, a high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 and CIN3) is usually ruled out, which prevents excessive treatment of changes in the cervix. Such diagnostic approach can also be used in the histopathological evaluation of intraepithelial neoplastic changes of the endocervical glandular epithelium.Biološka označevalca p16 in Ki-67 sta posredna pokazatelja okužbe s humanimi papiloma virusi z velikim tveganjem (HPV-VT), ki so povezani z nastankom predrakavih sprememb na materničnem vratu. V diagnostično težavnih primerih ju lahko uporabimo za razlikovanje cervikalne intraepitelijske neoplazije od morfološko podobnih neneoplastičnih sprememb. Določamo ju lahko s standardnimi imunohistokemičnimi metodami na tkivnih rezinah bioptičnih vzorcev materničnega vratu. Pri vsakdanjem histopatološkem ocenjevanju bioptičnih vzorcev materničnega vratu z dodatnim imunohistokemičnim barvanjem na p16 in Ki-67 največkrat izključimo cervikalno intraepitelijsko neoplazijo visoke stopnje (CIN2 in CIN3), kar prepreči pretirano zdravljenje sprememb na materničnem vratu. Tak diagnostični pristop je uporaben tudi za histopatološko ocenjevanje intraepitelijskih neoplastičnih sprememb endocervikalnega žleznega epitelija