Insecticide Activity of Cerbera Manghas Fruit Exstract to Sitophilus Oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

It was informed that the fruit extract of Cerbera manghas has antitermic and bio-larvicidal activities. The objective of this research is to study the effect of Cebera manghas fruit extracts on the mortality of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Dried sample of C. manghas fruit was milled and then extracted with maceration method using methanol. Crude extract was then dried and fractioned into 2 fractions i.e. n-Hexane and ethyl acetate. Three concentration of extracts (i.e. 3, 5, and 7.5%) were applied for bioassay test in the difference baited time (i.e. 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h). The results indicated that n-hexane fraction of C. manghas fruit extract was the most active fraction and it was indicated by the highest mortality of S. oryzae at all concentration. The longer the baited time resulted the higher the mortality of S. oryzae

Pengembangan Formula Bahan Infeksi Cendawan Sebagai Alternatif Biokontrol Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP. Development of Infection Material Formula for Fungi as Bio-Control Alternative to Subterranean Termites Coptotermes SP

Utilization of fungal entomopathogen as biological control agent has been developed in several country, but not in Indonesia. Therefore, the use of biological control agent to control termite need to be done in order that diminish chemical insecticide hazard. In this research, the ability of fungal entomopathogen (Hyphomycetes) identified as Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria sp. and Humicola sp. to infect Subterranean termite will be evaluated. The fungi were isolated from Indonesia. The research methods are (i) to sporulate fungi in rice culture media; (ii) to formulate fungal entomopathogen being infection materials; (iii) bioassay of fungal entomopathogen against Subterranean termite by contact method. The result of bioassay show that the three fungi (Humicola, M. anisopliae and Beauveria) are able to kill termite in 14 days of observation day. Primarily, M. anisopliae has generate termite's mortality almost similar to Humicola sp. i.e higher than 60 %, in other side Beauveria just affect termite's mortality lower than 60 %

Pengaruh Ekstrak Bintaro (Carbera Odollam Gaertn) dan Kecubung (Brugmansia Candida Pers) terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP Influence Of Bintaro (Carbera Odollam Gaertn) And Kecubung (Brugmansia Candida Pers) Extract Against Subterranean Termite Coptotermes SP

Subterranean termite especially Coptotermes sp has been spread widely and has caused a tremendous economical loss. Various chemical compounds have been used to overcome termite attack. However, utilization of chemical could endanger the environment, thus it is important to find another compound which can be used as an environmental friendly wood preservatives. One of the alternatives is to extract natural compound which has an anti-insect peculiarity. Fruits, leaves and barks of Bintaro and Kecubung, especially their leaves and flowers have been widely known as traditional medicine. This paper explains the effects of the extracts of Bintaro (leaves and bark) and Kecubung (leaves) on subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp.Leaves and bark powder of Bintaro and leaves powder of Kecubung were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Paper disc which has been dropped by the extract solution was used as bait to subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp. The observation of termite mortality was calculated for every two days during 10 days of observation. The result shows that Bintaro leaves extracted with methanol caused 100% termite mortality on last observation. Whereas on Bintaro bark extracted with n-hexane and acetone caused 100% termite mortality on eighth day of the treatment. Kecubung leaves extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate caused 100% termite mortality on last observatio

Daya Patogenitas Cendawan Cunninghamella SP. terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes SP. Pathogenic Ability Of Cunninghamella SP. Against Subterranean Termites Coptotermes SP

Termites are the major agent in wood biodeterioration, particularly in building materials, thus its existence in wood become trouble. Chemical insecticides are widely used to prevent the lost from termites attack. The use of chemical insecticides, however, do not recomended as it may cause risk to human health, environment, and may also harm to the non-target organisms and lead to the development of pest resistance. For that reason, these situations encourage many scientists to develop and evaluate various prospective biological control of termites. One of them is utilization of entomopathogenic fungi to suppress termite population.The object of this research is learning pathogenic ability of Cunninghamella sp. (habitually found around termites nests) in termite's mortality. The methods of this research are fungal isolation and then pathogenic test to termites (termite's infection). The ways of termite infection are contact and digestion. The best method is based on termite's mortality rate after infection.The results show that Cunninghamella sp. causes termites mortality significantly than control. The higher mortality rate of termites is shown by contact infection method than digestion infection method. It might indicate that contact infection method more effective to suppress termite's populatio

Influence of AM fungi inoculation on

The presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal in soil may affect growth and yield of chili (Capsicum annuum L.). This experiment was done to know the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on growth of chilli. Microwave soil sterilization was used to reduce the number of microbes in the media, enabling to observe the interaction between chili peppers and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A single culture products (A) and mixed culture products (B) were used as arbuscular mycorrhizal spores. In contrast to product A, the spore counted calculation reported that product B had the most spores, with 51 spores / 50 g soil. The treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and microwave sterilization against the height of chili plant had no significant effect, according to a two-factor ANOVA (α: 0.05) analysis of agronomic characteristics. Inoculation of mycorrhizae had a significant effect on chili plant height. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and microwave sterilization had significant effect on the root length of chili plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in single and mixed cultures could colonize roots by forming internal hyphae, vesicles, and spores. The best way to support the growth of chili plants is to use planting media that has not been sterilized and contains mycorrhizal fungi